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Geo-localization is the task of identifying the location of an image using visual cues alone. It has beneficial applications, such as improving disaster response, enhancing navigation, and geography education. Recently, Vision-Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Oliver Grainge , Sania Waheed , Jack Stilgoe , Michael Milford , Shoaib Ehsan

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in image geolocation, a capability further sharpened by frontier multimodal large reasoning models (MLRMs). This poses a significant privacy risk, as these widely accessible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ruixin Yang , Ethan Mendes , Arthur Wang , James Hays , Sauvik Das , Wei Xu , Alan Ritter

The prevalence of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) raises important questions about privacy in an era where visual information is increasingly available. While foundation VLMs demonstrate broad knowledge and learned capabilities, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Neel Jay , Hieu Minh Nguyen , Trung Dung Hoang , Jacob Haimes

Objectives: The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has significantly enhanced their reasoning capabilities, enabling a wide range of intelligent applications. However, these advancements also raise critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xian Zhang , Xiang Cheng

Geolocation is now a vital aspect of modern life, offering numerous benefits but also presenting serious privacy concerns. The advent of large vision-language models (LVLMs) with advanced image-processing capabilities introduces new risks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yi Liu , Junchen Ding , Gelei Deng , Yuekang Li , Tianwei Zhang , Weisong Sun , Yaowen Zheng , Jingquan Ge , Yang Liu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as GPT-4o now demonstrate a remarkable ability to infer users' locations from public shared images, posing a substantial risk to geoprivacy. Although adversarial perturbations offer a potential defense,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xinwei Liu , Xiaojun Jia , Yuan Xun , Simeng Qin , Xiaochun Cao

Images shared on social media often expose geographic cues. While early geolocation methods required expert effort and lacked generalization, the rise of Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) now enables accurate geolocation even for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Xinyu Zhang , Yixin Wu , Boyang Zhang , Chenhao Lin , Chao Shen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown great promise in natural image domains, allowing users to hold a dialogue about given visual content. However, such general-domain VLMs perform poorly for Remote Sensing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Kartik Kuckreja , Muhammad Sohail Danish , Muzammal Naseer , Abhijit Das , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) now pose a serious yet overlooked privacy threat, as they can infer a social media user's geolocation directly from shared images, leading to unintended privacy leakage. While adversarial image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiayi Zhu , Yihao Huang , Yue Cao , Xiaojun Jia , Qing Guo , Felix Juefei-Xu , Geguang Pu , Bin Wang

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled accurate image-based geolocation, raising serious concerns about location privacy risks in everyday social media posts. However, current benchmarks remain coarse-grained,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Xiaonan Wang , Bo Shao , Hansaem Kim

While numerous recent benchmarks focus on evaluating generic Vision-Language Models (VLMs), they do not effectively address the specific challenges of geospatial applications. Generic VLM benchmarks are not designed to handle the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Muhammad Sohail Danish , Muhammad Akhtar Munir , Syed Roshaan Ali Shah , Kartik Kuckreja , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Paolo Fraccaro , Alexandre Lacoste , Salman Khan

The proliferation of visual sensors in smart home environments, particularly through wearable devices like smart glasses, introduces profound privacy challenges. Existing privacy controls are often static and coarse-grained, failing to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Shuning Zhang , Ying Ma , Xin Yi , Hewu Li

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and the widespread usage of MLLM cloud services such as GPT-4V raised great concerns about privacy leakage in visual data. As these models are typically deployed in cloud services,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xiaofei Hui , Qian Wu , Haoxuan Qu , Majid Mirmehdi , Hossein Rahmani , Jun Liu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) combine visual and textual understanding, rendering them well-suited for diverse tasks like generating image captions and answering visual questions across various domains. However, these capabilities are built…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Simone Caldarella , Massimiliano Mancini , Elisa Ricci , Rahaf Aljundi

Recent advances in multi-modal large reasoning models (MLRMs) have shown significant ability to interpret complex visual content. While these models enable impressive reasoning capabilities, they also introduce novel and underexplored…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Weidi Luo , Tianyu Lu , Qiming Zhang , Xiaogeng Liu , Bin Hu , Yue Zhao , Jieyu Zhao , Song Gao , Patrick McDaniel , Zhen Xiang , Chaowei Xiao

Geographic privacy or geo-privacy refers to the keeping private of one's geographic location, especially the restriction of geographical data maintained by personal electronic devices. Geo-privacy is a crucial aspect of personal security;…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yifan Yang , Siqin Wang , Daoyang Li , Yixian Zhang , Shuju Sun , Junzhou He

As Visual Language Models (VLMs) become increasingly embedded in everyday applications, ensuring they can recognize and appropriately handle privacy-sensitive content is essential. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of ten…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Laurens Samson , Nimrod Barazani , Sennay Ghebreab , Yuki M. Asano

Visual-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various tasks, particularly in recognizing geographic information from images. However, VLMs still show regional biases in this task. To systematically evaluate these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jingyuan Huang , Jen-tse Huang , Ziyi Liu , Xiaoyuan Liu , Wenxuan Wang , Jieyu Zhao

Image geolocalization has traditionally been addressed through retrieval-based place recognition or geometry-based visual localization pipelines. Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong zero-shot reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Siddhant Bharadwaj , Ashish Vashist , Fahimul Aleem , Shruti Vyas

As large language models (LLMs) become ubiquitous in our daily tasks and digital interactions, associated privacy risks are increasingly in focus. While LLM privacy research has primarily focused on the leakage of model training data, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Batuhan Tömekçe , Mark Vero , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev
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