Related papers: Lunar Time in General Relativity

The difference in the proper azimuthal periods of revolution of two standard clocks in direct and retrograde orbits about a central rotating mass is proportional to J/Mc^2, where J and M are, respectively, the proper angular momentum and…

I derived an equation to describe the dependence of Moon orbit radius around the Earth. I obtained the radius changes with time according to a scaling equation, Moon orbit radius is proportional to power 2/5 of the Moon age. Using the…

In this work, we obtain a relation for average quantum time dilation between two clocks A and B in the near-horizon region of a black hole supported by the Rindler metric and conformal tortoise coordinate. It is indicated that this relation…

Time measured by an ideal clock crucially depends on the gravitational potential and velocity of the clock according to general relativity. Technological advances in manufacturing high-precision atomic clocks have rapidly improved their…

We outline a mission with the aim of directly detecting the gravitomagnetic field of the Earth. This mission is called Gravity Probe C. Gravity Probe C(lock) is based on a recently discovered and surprisingly large gravitomagnetic clock…

From a thermodynamic point of view, all clocks are driven by irreversible processes. Additionally, one can use oscillatory systems to temporally modulate the thermodynamic flux towards equilibrium. Focusing on the most elementary…

Observations that rates of molecular evolution vary widely within and among lineages have cast doubts upon the existence of a single molecular clock. Differences in the timing of evolutionary events estimated from genetic and fossil…

The experimental comparison of two thulium optical lattice clocks in a time interval of up to one hour has been carried out. The synchronous comparison of a clock transition in two independent atomic ensembles using a single ultrastable…

The global time is defined in covariant form under the condition of a constant mean curvature slicing of spacetime. The background static metric is taken in the tangent space. The global intrinsic time is identified with the logarithmic…

In this paper, inspired by quantum field theory, or more specifically QED, we propose a dynamical model for relativity. By adopting the approach provided by this dynamical model, we provide a dynamical explanation for relativistic phenomena…

We present a high-power continuous-wave (CW) lunar laser ranging (LLR) technique that has the potential to significantly improve Earth--Moon distance measurements. Using a 1 kW CW laser at 1064 nm and a 1 m-aperture telescope as an example,…

In this note we mainly explore the possibility of measuring the action of the intrinsic gravitomagnetic field of the rotating Earth on the orbital motion of the Moon with the Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) technique. Expected improvements in it…

General relativity predicts that clocks run more slowly near massive objects. The effect is small---a clock at sea level lags behind one 1000 m above sea level by only 9.4 ns/day. Here, we demonstrate that a measurement of this effect can…

General relativity (GR) is a highly successful theory that describes gravity as a geometric phenomenon. The gravitational redshift, a classic test of GR, can potentially be violated in alternative gravity theories, and experimental tests on…

The Classical Coordinate System is geometrical by nature with time being an external variable. Constructing a classical coordinate system employs a point-like signal with infinite speed. In Special Relativity Theory the speed is limited but…

Processing the data of lunar laser ranging (LLR), whose accuracy now reaches a few millimeters, points to the effect of anomalous increase in the lunar semimajor axis (with an excessive rate 1.3 cm/yr), which cannot be attributed to the…

When entering the heliosphere, Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are influenced by magnetic turbulence and Solar wind disturbances, which cause the so-called "solar modulation" effect. Understanding the time-dependent relationship between the…

While adhering to the formalism of Special and General Relativity, this paper considers the interpretation of clock rates and the rating of clocks in detail. We also pay particular attention to the crucial requirement of reciprocity between…

We introduce circulance, a scalar measure for classifying time series of dynamical systems. Circulance captures the extent of temporal regularity or irregularity that is encoded in the topology of a directed ordinal pattern transition…

This paper aims to obtain an analytic approximation to the evolution of circular orbits governed by the Earth's $J_2$ and the luni-solar gravitational perturbations. Assuming that the lunar orbital plane coincides with the ecliptic plane,…