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The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the development of natural language processing (NLP), especially in text generation tasks like question answering. However, model hallucinations remain a major…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhongxin Liu , Zhiwei Wang , Jun Niu , Ying Li , Hongyu Sun , Meng Xu , He Wang , Gaofei Wu , Yuqing Zhang

Large language models are successful in answering factoid questions but are also prone to hallucination. We investigate the phenomenon of LLMs possessing correct answer knowledge yet still hallucinating from the perspective of inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Che Jiang , Biqing Qi , Xiangyu Hong , Dayuan Fu , Yang Cheng , Fandong Meng , Mo Yu , Bowen Zhou , Jie Zhou

Hallucination, a phenomenon where large language models (LLMs) produce output that is factually incorrect or unrelated to the input, is a major challenge for LLM applications that require accuracy and dependability. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Song Wang , Xun Wang , Jie Mei , Yujia Xie , Sean Muarray , Zhang Li , Lingfeng Wu , Si-Qing Chen , Wayne Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining momentum in software development with prompt-driven programming enabling developers to create code from natural language (NL) instructions. However, studies have questioned their ability to produce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Catherine Tony , Nicolás E. Díaz Ferreyra , Markus Mutas , Salem Dhiff , Riccardo Scandariato

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of downstream tasks, a significant concern revolves around their propensity to exhibit hallucinations: LLMs occasionally generate content that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yue Zhang , Yafu Li , Leyang Cui , Deng Cai , Lemao Liu , Tingchen Fu , Xinting Huang , Enbo Zhao , Yu Zhang , Chen Xu , Yulong Chen , Longyue Wang , Anh Tuan Luu , Wei Bi , Freda Shi , Shuming Shi

Hallucination detection in Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for ensuring their reliability. This work presents our participation in the CLEF ELOQUENT HalluciGen shared task, where the goal is to develop evaluators for both generating…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly important in natural language processing, enabling advanced data analytics through natural language queries. However, these models often generate "hallucinations"-inaccurate or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mikhail Rumiantsau , Aliaksei Vertsel , Ilya Hrytsuk , Isaiah Ballah

Large language models have recently made great strides in reasoning task performance through chain-of-thought (CoT) strategies trained via reinforcement learning; however, these "reasoning large language models" (RLLMs) remain imperfect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Alex Heyman , Joel Zylberberg

AI applications driven by multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are prone to hallucinations and pose considerable risks to human users. Crucially, such hallucinations are not equally problematic: some hallucination contents could be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Jianhong Pang , Ruoxi Cheng , Ziyi Ye , Xingjun Ma , Zuxuan Wu , Xuanjing Huang , Yu-Gang Jiang

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing and significantly impacted code generation tasks, enhancing software development efficiency and productivity. Notably, LLMs like GPT-4 have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Sheng Ouyang , Yihao Qin , Bo Lin , Liqian Chen , Xiaoguang Mao , Shangwen Wang

We find that language models have difficulties generating fallacious and deceptive reasoning. When asked to generate deceptive outputs, language models tend to leak honest counterparts but believe them to be false. Exploiting this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yue Zhou , Henry Peng Zou , Barbara Di Eugenio , Yang Zhang

Large language model (LLM) systems suffer from the models' unstable ability to generate valid and factual content, resulting in hallucination generation. Current hallucination detection methods heavily rely on out-of-model information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Peiran Wang , Yang Liu , Yunfei Lu , Jue Hong , Ye Wu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in video understanding.However, hallucination, where the model generates plausible yet incorrect outputs, persists as a significant and under-addressed challenge in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jianfeng Cai , Wengang Zhou , Zongmeng Zhang , Jiale Hong , Nianji Zhan , Houqiang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for automating programming tasks, including security-related ones. However, they can also introduce vulnerabilities during code generation, fail to detect existing vulnerabilities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Enna Basic , Alberto Giaretta

Detecting hallucinations in large language model (LLM) outputs is pivotal, yet traditional fine-tuning for this classification task is impeded by the expensive and quickly outdated annotation process, especially across numerous vertical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Dongxu Zhang , Varun Gangal , Barrett Martin Lattimer , Yi Yang

This survey presents a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of hallucination in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), also known as Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), which have demonstrated significant advancements and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Zechen Bai , Pichao Wang , Tianjun Xiao , Tong He , Zongbo Han , Zheng Zhang , Mike Zheng Shou

The hallucination issue is recognized as a fundamental deficiency of large language models (LLMs), especially when applied to fields such as finance, education, and law. Despite the growing concerns, there has been a lack of empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Haoqiang Kang , Xiao-Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in code generation tasks, yet they face significant limitations in handling complex, long-context programming challenges and demonstrating complex compositional reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Amr Almorsi , Mohanned Ahmed , Walid Gomaa

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit undesirable behaviors, such as hallucinations and sequence repetitions. We propose to view these behaviors as fallbacks that models exhibit under epistemic uncertainty, and investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Maor Ivgi , Ori Yoran , Jonathan Berant , Mor Geva

Code generation is one of the most active areas of application of Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs lower barriers to writing code and accelerate development process, the overall quality of generated programs depends on the quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Andrei Paleyes , Radzim Sendyka , Diana Robinson , Christian Cabrera , Neil D. Lawrence