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Quantum fluctuations during inflation may be responsible for temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Observations of CMB anisotropies can be used to falsify many currently popular models. In this paper we discuss…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Scott Dodelson , William H. Kinney , Edward W. Kolb

We study the angular distribution of temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) to probe the statistical isotropy of the universe by using precise full-sky CMB data with a model-independent approach. We investigated…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-01 C. E. Kester , A. Bernui , W. S. Hipólito-Ricaldi

Spatially fluctuating primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) inhomogeneously reheat the Universe when they dissipate deep inside the horizon before recombination. Such an energy injection turns into an additional photon temperature perturbation.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-28 Shohei Saga , Atsuhisa Ota , Hiroyuki Tashiro , Shuichiro Yokoyama

We review aspects of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) spectral distortions which do not appear to have been fully explored in the literature. In particular, implications of recent evidences of heating of the intergalactic medium (IGM) by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-13 G. De Zotti , M. Negrello , G. Castex , A. Lapi , M. Bonato

Breakdown of rotational invariance of the primordial power spectrum manifests in the statistical anisotropy of the observed Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. Hemispherical power asymmetry in the CMB may be caused due to a dipolar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-23 Md Ishaque Khan , Rajib Saha

We examine the degree to which observations of large-scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization can shed light on the puzzling large-scale power modulation in maps of CMB anisotropy. We consider a phenomenological model in which…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-23 Emory F. Bunn , Qingyang Xue , Haoxuan Zheng

Since the discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) in 1965, characterization of the CMB anisotropy angular power spectrum has become somewhat of a holy grail for experimental cosmology. Because CMB anisotropy measurements are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 A. D. Miller

Cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments generally infer a temperature fluctuation from a measured intensity fluctuation through the first term in the Taylor expansion of the Planck function, the relation between the intensity in a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Kamionkowski , Lloyd Knox

The polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)is a powerful observational tool at hand for modern cosmology. It allows to break the degeneracy of fundamental cosmological parameters one cannot obtain using only anisotropy data…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. V. Sazhin , G. Sironi , O. S. Khovanskaya

The linear anisotropies in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation and its polarization provide a clean picture of fluctuations in the universe some 370 kyr after the big bang. Simple physics connects these…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Anthony Challinor

We estimate the depolarizing effect of a primordial magnetic field upon the cosmic microwave background radiation due to differential Faraday rotation across the last scattering surface. The degree of linear polarization of the CMB is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Diego Harari , Justin Hayward , Matias Zaldarriaga

Gravitational lensing, caused by matter perturbations along the line-of-sight to the last scattering surface, can modify the shape of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy power spectrum. We discuss the detectability of lensing…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 R. Stompor , G. Efstathiou

The major contribution to the anisotropy of the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation is believed to come from the interaction of linear density perturbations with the radiation previous to the decoupling time.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Enrique Martinez-Gonzalez

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy power on the largest angular scales observed both by WMAP and COBE DMR appears to be lower than the one predicted by the standard model of cosmology with almost scale free primordial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-29 Carlo R. Contaldi , Marco Peloso , Lev Kofman , Andrei Linde

To reliably detect the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy is of great importance in understanding the birth and evolution of the Universe. One of the difficulties in CMB experiments is the domination of measured CMB anisotropy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-04-28 Hao Liu , Ti-Pei Li

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) provides us with our most direct observational window to the early universe. Observations of the temperature and polarization anisotropies in the CMB have played a critical role in defining the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Anthony Challinor

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments, such as WMAP and Planck, measure intensity anisotropies and build maps using a linearized formula for relating them to the temperature blackbody fluctuations. However, this procedure also…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-17 Alessio Notari , Miguel Quartin

The largest temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the dipole. The simplest interpretation of the dipole is that it is due to our motion with respect to the rest frame of the CMB. As well as creating the $\ell$=1…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-25 Raelyn M. Sullivan , Douglas Scott

Our velocity relative to the rest frame of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) generates a dipole temperature anisotropy on the sky which has been well measured for more than 30 years, and has an accepted amplitude of v/c = 0.00123, or v…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-23 Planck Collaboration , N. Aghanim , C. Armitage-Caplan , M. Arnaud , M. Ashdown , F. Atrio-Barandela , J. Aumont , A. J. Banday , R. B. Barreiro , J. G. Bartlett , K. Benabed , A. Benoit-Lévy , J. -P. Bernard , M. Bersanelli , P. Bielewicz , J. Bobin , J. J. Bock , J. R. Bond , J. Borrill , F. R. Bouchet , M. Bridges , C. Burigana , R. C. Butler , J. -F. Cardoso , A. Catalano , A. Challinor , A. Chamballu , L. -Y Chiang , H. C. Chiang , P. R. Christensen , D. L. Clements , L. P. L. Colombo , F. Couchot , B. P. Crill , F. Cuttaia , L. Danese , R. D. Davies , R. J. Davis , P. de Bernardis , A. de Rosa , G. de Zotti , J. Delabrouille , J. M. Diego , S. Donzelli , O. Doré , X. Dupac , G. Efstathiou , T. A. Enßlin , H. K. Eriksen , F. Finelli , O. Forni , M. Frailis , E. Franceschi , S. Galeotta , K. Ganga , M. Giard , G. Giardino , J. González-Nuevo , K. M. Górski , S. Gratton , A. Gregorio , A. Gruppuso , F. K. Hansen , D. Hanson , D. Harrison , G. Helou , S. R. Hildebrandt , E. Hivon , M. Hobson , W. A. Holmes , W. Hovest , K. M. Huffenberger , W. C. Jones , M. Juvela , E. Keihänen , R. Keskitalo , T. S. Kisner , J. Knoche , L. Knox , M. Kunz , H. Kurki-Suonio , A. Lähteenmäki , J. -M. Lamarre , A. Lasenby , C. R. Lawrence , R. Leonardi , A. Lewis , M. Liguori , P. B. Lilje , M. Linden-Vørnle , M. López-Caniego , P. M. Lubin , J. F. Macías-Pérez , M. Maris , D. J. Marshall , P. G. Martin , E. Martínez-González , S. Masi , S. Matarrese , P. Mazzotta , P. R. Meinhold , A. Melchiorri , L. Mendes , M. Migliaccio , S. Mitra , A. Moneti , L. Montier , G. Morgante , D. Mortlock , A. Moss , D. Munshi , P. Naselsky , F. Nati , P. Natoli , H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen , F. Noviello , D. Novikov , I. Novikov , S. Osborne , C. A. Oxborrow , L. Pagano , F. Pajot , D. Paoletti , F. Pasian , G. Patanchon , O. Perdereau , F. Perrotta , F. Piacentini , E. Pierpaoli , D. Pietrobon , S. Plaszczynski , E. Pointecouteau , G. Polenta , N. Ponthieu , L. Popa , G. W. Pratt , G. Prézeau , J. -L. Puget , J. P. Rachen , W. T. Reach , M. Reinecke , S. Ricciardi , T. Riller , I. Ristorcelli , G. Rocha , C. Rosset , J. A. Rubiño-Martín , B. Rusholme , D. Santos , G. Savini , D. Scott , M. D. Seiffert , E. P. S. Shellard , L. D. Spencer , R. Sunyaev , F. Sureau , A. -S. Suur-Uski , J. -F. Sygnet , J. A. Tauber , D. Tavagnacco , L. Terenzi , L. Toffolatti , M. Tomasi , M. Tristram , M. Tucci , M. Türler , L. Valenziano , J. Valiviita , B. Van Tent , P. Vielva , F. Villa , N. Vittorio , L. A. Wade , B. D. Wandelt , M. White , D. Yvon , A. Zacchei , J. P. Zibin , A. Zonca

We review the present status of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy observations and discuss the main related astrophysical issues, instrumental effects and data analysis techniques. We summarise the balloon-borne and ground-based…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Bersanelli , D. Maino , A. Mennella