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Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at text summarization, a task that requires models to select content based on its importance. However, the exact notion of salience that LLMs have internalized remains unclear. To bridge this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jan Trienes , Jörg Schlötterer , Junyi Jessy Li , Christin Seifert

We show that across architecture (Transformer vs. Mamba vs. RWKV), training dataset (OpenWebText vs. The Pile), and scale (14 million parameters to 12 billion parameters), autoregressive language models exhibit highly consistent patterns of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 James A. Michaelov , Roger P. Levy , Benjamin K. Bergen

We examine the language capabilities of language models (LMs) from the critical perspective of human language acquisition. Building on classical language development theories, we propose a three-stage framework to assess the abilities of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Qiyuan Yang , Pengda Wang , Luke D. Plonsky , Frederick L. Oswald , Hanjie Chen

Several recent studies have shown that strong natural language understanding (NLU) models are prone to relying on unwanted dataset biases without learning the underlying task, resulting in models that fail to generalize to out-of-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Rabeeh Karimi Mahabadi , Yonatan Belinkov , James Henderson

As LLMs reduce English-centric bias, a surprising trend emerges: non-English responses sometimes outperform English on reasoning tasks. We hypothesize that language functions as a latent variable that structurally modulates the model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Linjuan Wu , Haoran Wei , Jialong Tang , Shuang Luo , Baosong Yang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu

In unsupervised learning, an unbiased uniform sampling strategy is typically used, in order that the learned features faithfully encode the statistical structure of the training data. In this work, we explore whether active example…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-01 Tomoki Tsuchida , Garrison W. Cottrell

We propose an interactive approach to language learning that utilizes linguistic acceptability judgments from an informant (a competent language user) to learn a grammar. Given a grammar formalism and a framework for synthesizing data, our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Canaan Breiss , Alexis Ross , Amani Maina-Kilaas , Roger Levy , Jacob Andreas

While NLP models often seek to capture cognitive states via language, the validity of predicted states is determined by comparing them to annotations created without access the cognitive states of the authors. In behavioral sciences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Vasudha Varadarajan , Syeda Mahwish , Xiaoran Liu , Julia Buffolino , Christian C. Luhmann , Ryan L. Boyd , H. Andrew Schwartz

Pretraining language models on formal language can improve their acquisition of natural language. Which features of the formal language impart an inductive bias that leads to effective transfer? Drawing on insights from linguistics and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Michael Y. Hu , Jackson Petty , Chuan Shi , William Merrill , Tal Linzen

Language is typically modelled with discrete sequences. However, the most successful approaches to language modelling, namely neural networks, are continuous and smooth function approximators. In this work, we show that Transformer-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Samuele Marro , Davide Evangelista , X. Angelo Huang , Emanuele La Malfa , Michele Lombardi , Michael Wooldridge

Vocal aging, a universal process of human aging, can largely affect one's language use, possibly including some subtle acoustic features of one's utterances like Voice Onset Time. To figure out the time effects, Queen Elizabeth's Christmas…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Xuanda Chen , Ziyu Xiong , Jian Hu

Human languages have evolved to be structured through repeated language learning and use. These processes introduce biases that operate during language acquisition and shape linguistic systems toward communicative efficiency. In this paper,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Tom Kouwenhoven , Max Peeperkorn , Tessa Verhoef

A substantial thread of recent work on latent tree learning has attempted to develop neural network models with parse-valued latent variables and train them on non-parsing tasks, in the hope of having them discover interpretable tree…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Phu Mon Htut , Kyunghyun Cho , Samuel R. Bowman

We deploy the methods of controlled psycholinguistic experimentation to shed light on the extent to which the behavior of neural network language models reflects incremental representations of syntactic state. To do so, we examine model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Richard Futrell , Ethan Wilcox , Takashi Morita , Peng Qian , Miguel Ballesteros , Roger Levy

An exhaustive study on neural network language modeling (NNLM) is performed in this paper. Different architectures of basic neural network language models are described and examined. A number of different improvements over basic neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-25 Dengliang Shi

Despite tremendous progress in neuroscience, we do not have a compelling narrative for the precise way whereby the spiking of neurons in our brain results in high-level cognitive phenomena such as planning and language. We introduce a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Daniel Mitropolsky , Christos Papadimitriou

Lexically constrained machine translation allows the user to manipulate the output sentence by enforcing the presence or absence of certain words and phrases. Although current approaches can enforce terms to appear in the translation, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Josef Jon , João Paulo Aires , Dušan Variš , Ondřej Bojar

Coherent discourse is distinguished from a mere collection of utterances by the satisfaction of a diverse set of constraints, for example choice of expression, logical relation between denoted events, and implicit compatibility with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Anne Beyer , Sharid Loáiciga , David Schlangen

Models trained on a new task typically degrade on prior tasks, a phenomenon known as forgetting. Traditionally, mitigating forgetting has required replaying stored exemplars from prior tasks, which is often impractical. By contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Martin Marek , Dongkyu Cho , Shikai Qiu , Rumi Chunara , Pavel Izmailov , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Language is constantly changing and evolving, leaving language models to become quickly outdated. Consequently, we should continuously update our models with new data to expose them to new events and facts. However, that requires additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Giuseppe Attanasio , Debora Nozza , Federico Bianchi , Dirk Hovy