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Recent advances in video multimodal large language models (Video MLLMs) have significantly enhanced video understanding and multi-modal interaction capabilities. While most existing systems operate in a turn-based manner where the model can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yueqian Wang , Songxiang Liu , Disong Wang , Nuo Xu , Guanglu Wan , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

The remarkable reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) stems from cognitive behaviors that emerge through reinforcement with verifiable rewards. This work investigates how to transfer this principle to Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yana Wei , Liang Zhao , Jianjian Sun , Kangheng Lin , Jisheng Yin , Jingcheng Hu , Yinmin Zhang , En Yu , Haoran Lv , Zejia Weng , Jia Wang , Chunrui Han , Yuang Peng , Qi Han , Zheng Ge , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang , Vishal M. Patel

Human drivers possess spatial and causal intelligence, enabling them to perceive driving scenarios, anticipate hazards, and react to dynamic environments. In contrast, autonomous vehicles lack these abilities, making it challenging to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Shucheng Huang , Freda Shi , Chen Sun , Jiaming Zhong , Minghao Ning , Yufeng Yang , Yukun Lu , Hong Wang , Amir Khajepour

Scaling Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models on large-scale data offers a promising path to achieving a more generalized driving intelligence. However, VLA models are limited by a ``supervision deficit'': the vast model capacity is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yingyan Li , Shuyao Shang , Weisong Liu , Bing Zhan , Haochen Wang , Yuqi Wang , Yuntao Chen , Xiaoman Wang , Yasong An , Chufeng Tang , Lu Hou , Lue Fan , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Large multimodal models exhibit remarkable intelligence, yet their embodied cognitive abilities during motion in open-ended urban 3D space remain to be explored. We introduce a benchmark to evaluate whether video-large language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Baining Zhao , Jianjie Fang , Zichao Dai , Ziyou Wang , Jirong Zha , Weichen Zhang , Chen Gao , Yue Wang , Jinqiang Cui , Xinlei Chen , Yong Li

Human driving behavior is inherently personal, which is shaped by long-term habits and influenced by short-term intentions. Individuals differ in how they accelerate, brake, merge, yield, and overtake across diverse situations. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zehao Wang , Huaide Jiang , Shuaiwu Dong , Yuping Wang , Hang Qiu , Jiachen Li

The research community has increasing interest in autonomous driving research, despite the resource intensity of obtaining representative real world data. Existing self-driving datasets are limited in the scale and variation of the…

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous driving systems demonstrates strong common sense and reasoning abilities, effectively addressing the pitfalls of purely data-driven methods. Current LLM-based agents require…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Sihao Wu , Jiaxu Liu , Xiangyu Yin , Guangliang Cheng , Xingyu Zhao , Meng Fang , Xinping Yi , Xiaowei Huang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has proven remarkably effective for eliciting complex reasoning in large language models (LLMs). Yet, its potential in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remains largely untapped, hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lingxiao Li , Yifan Wang , Xinyan Gao , Chen Tang , Xiangyu Yue , Chenyu You

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have shown incredible capabilities in a variety of 2D vision and language tasks. We extend MLLMs' perceptual capabilities to ground and reason about images in 3-dimensional space. To that end, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jang Hyun Cho , Boris Ivanovic , Yulong Cao , Edward Schmerling , Yue Wang , Xinshuo Weng , Boyi Li , Yurong You , Philipp Krähenbühl , Yan Wang , Marco Pavone

Accurate emotion perception is crucial for various applications, including human-computer interaction, education, and counseling. However, traditional single-modality approaches often fail to capture the complexity of real-world emotional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Zebang Cheng , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Jun-Yan He , Jingdong Sun , Kai Wang , Yuxiang Lin , Zheng Lian , Xiaojiang Peng , Alexander Hauptmann

Current autonomous driving systems rely on specialized models for perceiving and predicting motion, which demonstrate reliable performance in standard conditions. However, generalizing cost-effectively to diverse real-world scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Katie Luo , Jingwei Ji , Tong He , Runsheng Xu , Yichen Xie , Dragomir Anguelov , Mingxing Tan

Multimodal LLMs are turning their focus to video benchmarks, however most video benchmarks only provide outcome supervision, with no intermediate or interpretable reasoning steps. This makes it challenging to assess if models are truly able…

Reasoning Vision Language Action (VLA) models improve robotic instruction-following by generating step-by-step textual plans before low-level actions, an approach inspired by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in language models. Yet even…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yilin Wu , Anqi Li , Tucker Hermans , Fabio Ramos , Andrea Bajcsy , Claudia Pérez-D'Arpino

End-to-end autonomous driving systems built on Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown significant promise, yet their reliance on autoregressive architectures introduces some limitations for real-world applications. The sequential,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Can Cui , Yupeng Zhou , Juntong Peng , Sung-Yeon Park , Zichong Yang , Prashanth Sankaranarayanan , Jiaru Zhang , Ruqi Zhang , Ziran Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant progress in semantic scene understanding and text-image alignment, with reasoning variants enhancing performance on more complex tasks involving mathematics and logic.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sicheng Feng , Song Wang , Shuyi Ouyang , Lingdong Kong , Zikai Song , Jianke Zhu , Huan Wang , Xinchao Wang

Understanding the contents of multimodal documents is essential to accurately extract relevant evidence and use it for reasoning. Existing document understanding models tend to generate answers with a single word or phrase directly,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Jinxu Zhang

Visual Dialog is a multimodal task of answering a sequence of questions grounded in an image, using the conversation history as context. It entails challenges in vision, language, reasoning, and grounding. However, studying these subtasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Satwik Kottur , José M. F. Moura , Devi Parikh , Dhruv Batra , Marcus Rohrbach

We provide a sober look at the application of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in autonomous driving, challenging common assumptions about their ability to interpret dynamic driving scenarios. Despite advances in models like GPT-4o,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Shiva Sreeram , Tsun-Hsuan Wang , Alaa Maalouf , Guy Rosman , Sertac Karaman , Daniela Rus

Connecting text and visual modalities plays an essential role in generative intelligence. For this reason, inspired by the success of large language models, significant research efforts are being devoted to the development of Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Davide Caffagni , Federico Cocchi , Luca Barsellotti , Nicholas Moratelli , Sara Sarto , Lorenzo Baraldi , Lorenzo Baraldi , Marcella Cornia , Rita Cucchiara