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In autonomous microgrids frequency regulation (FR) is a critical issue, especially with a high level of penetration of the photovoltaic (PV) generation. In this study, a novel virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control for PV generation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-13 Cheng Zhong , Huayi Li , Yang Zhou , Yueming Lv , Jikai Chen , Yang Li

With the increasing impact of low inertia due to the high penetration of distributed generation, virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology has been proposed to improve the stability of the inverter-interfaced distributed generator by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-17 Meiyi Li , Wentao Huang , Nengling Tai , Dongliang Duan

The Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) concept stands as a strategy for the seamless integration of renewable energy sources into the grid. In scenarios where symmetrical and sinusoidal operating conditions are lacking, VSMs demonstrate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Shirin Besati , Ali Mosallanejad , Madhav Manjrekar

In order to improve dynamic characteristics of the power system with high-proportion renewable energy sources (RESs), it is necessary for the voltage source converter (VSC), interfaces of RESs, to provide inertial and frequency regulation.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-20 Huanhai Xin , Kehao Zhuang , Pengfei Hu , Yunjie Gu , Ping Ju

Increasing the inertia is widely considered to be the solution to resolving unstable interactions between coupled oscillators. In power grids, Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs) are proposed to compensate the reducing inertia as rotating…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-31 Gurupraanesh Raman , Gururaghav Raman , Jimmy Chih-Hsien Peng

In this paper virtual synchronous generation (VSG) approach is investigated in application to low- and zero-inertia grids operated by grid-forming (GFM) inverters. The key idea here is to introduce dynamic inertia and damping constants in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-07 Oleg O. Khamisov , Stepan P. Vasilev

Due to the rapid developments in synchronized measurement technologies, there exist enormous opportunities to attenuate disturbances in future power grids with high penetration of renewables and complex load demands. To that end, this paper…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-03 Muhammad Nadeem , MirSaleh Bahavarnia , Ahmad F. Taha

In this paper, a neural network predictive controller is proposed to regulate the active and the reactive power delivered to the grid generated by a three-phase virtual inertia-based inverter. The concept of the conventional virtual…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Sepehr Saadatmand , Mohammad Saleh Sanjarinia , Pourya Shamsi , Mehdi Ferdowsi , Donald C. Wunsch

Integration of distributed energy resources has created a need for autonomous, dynamic voltage regulation. Decentralized Volt-VAr Control (VVC) of grid-connected inverters presents a unique opportunity for voltage management but, if…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Daniel Russell , Dakota Hamilton , Mads R. Almassalkhi , Hamid R. Ossareh

This paper investigates the transient synchronization stability in power systems hybridized with virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) and synchronous generators (SGs). A relative swing equation model is established to capture the transient…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Changjun He , Li Zhang , Qi Liu , Rui Zou

Grid-forming voltage source converter (GF-VSC) has been identified as the key technology for the operation of future converter-dominated power systems. Among many other issues, transient stability of this type of power systems remains an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-09 Régulo E. Ávila-Martínez , Javier Renedo , Luis Rouco , Aurelio García-Cerrada , Lukas Sigrist , Taoufik Qoria , Xavier Guillaud

Many countries' policies have shifted rapidly towards using renewable energy for climate reasons. As a result, inverter-based resources are beginning to dominate power systems. Key elements for managing the loss of conventional generators…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-24 Waleed Breesam , Stefan M. Goetz

The displacement of synchronous generators by converter-interfaced renewable energy sources obliges wind farms to provide inertia, damping, and voltage support, above all in increasingly weak grid conditions. This paper presents a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Javier Garcia-Aguilar , Aurelio Garcia-Cerrada , Juan L. Zamora , Emilio Bueno , Elena Saiz , Almudena Muñoz-Babiano , Mohammad E. Zarei

Grid-forming (GFM) capability requirements are increasingly imposed on grid-connected voltage-source converters (VSCs). Under large grid disturbances, GFM-VSCs need to remain stable while providing GFM services. Yet, such objectives, as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-24 Heng Wu , Xiongfei Wang

Virtual oscillator control is the latest control technique for grid-forming inverters. Virtual Oscillator based Controllers (VOCs) provide all the steady-state droop functionalities of conventional droop controllers and, in addition, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-07 Ritwik Ghosh , Narsa Reddy Tummuru , Bharat Singh Rajpuohit

This paper develops a multivariable current control strategy for inverter-based resources (IBRs) based on optimal control theory to enhance their dynamic performance and grid synchronization stability. The structure of the implemented…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-11 Hassan Yazdani , Ali Maleki , Saeed Lotfifard , Ali Saberi

Grid-forming, particularly those utilizing droop control and virtual synchronous generators (VSG), can actively regulate the frequency and voltage of microgrid systems, exhibiting dynamic characteristics akin to those of synchronous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Yan Tong , Qin Wang , Aihong Tang

In contrast to grid-following inverters, Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs) perform well under weak grid conditions but may become unstable when the grid is strong. Grid strength depends on grid impedance, which unfortunately varies over…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Quang-Manh Hoang , Van Nam Nguyen , Taehyung Kim , Guilherme Vieira Hollweg , Wencong Su , Van-Hai Bui

The virtual synchronous generator technology analogs the characteristics of the synchronous generator via the controller design. It improved the stability of the grid systems which include the new energy. At the same time, according to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-10 Hai-Peng Ren , Qi Chen , Liang-Liang Zhang , Jie Li

Design and implementation of an optimal and robust single-loop voltage controller is proposed for single-phase grid forming voltage source inverter (VSI). The objective of the proposed controller is to have good reference tracking and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-16 Soham Chakraborty , Sourav Patel , Murti V. Salapaka
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