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The challenge of improving translation accuracy in GPT-4 is being addressed by harnessing a method known as in-context learning. This paper introduces a strategic approach to utilize in-context learning specifically for machine translation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Yufeng Chen

With their remarkably improved text generation and prompting capabilities, large language models can adapt existing written information into forms that are easier to use and understand. In our work, we focus on recipes as an example of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Alyssa Hwang , Bryan Li , Zhaoyi Hou , Dan Roth

The use of LLM-based applications as a means to accelerate and/or substitute human labor in the creation of language resources and dataset is a reality. Nonetheless, despite the potential of such tools for linguistic research, comprehensive…

Prompt-tuning has emerged as a promising method for adapting pre-trained models to downstream tasks or aligning with human preferences. Prompt learning is widely used in NLP but has limited applicability to RL due to the complex physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Shengchao Hu , Li Shen , Ya Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Context: The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked significant interest in leveraging their capabilities for automating code review processes. Prior studies often focus on developing LLMs for code review automation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Chanathip Pornprasit , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn

This paper investigates the automation of qualitative data analysis, focusing on inductive coding using large language models (LLMs). Unlike traditional approaches that rely on deductive methods with predefined labels, this research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Angelina Parfenova , Andreas Marfurt , Alexander Denzler , Juergen Pfeffer

Supervised learning relies on high-quality labeled data, but obtaining such data through human annotation is both expensive and time-consuming. Recent work explores using large language models (LLMs) for annotation, but LLM-generated labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Lequan Lin , Dai Shi , Andi Han , Feng Chen , Qiuzheng Chen , Jiawen Li , Zhaoyang Li , Jiyuan Li , Zhenbang Sun , Junbin Gao

Span annotation - annotating specific text features at the span level - can be used to evaluate texts where single-score metrics fail to provide actionable feedback. Until recently, span annotation was done by human annotators or fine-tuned…

Automated essay scoring (AES) to evaluate second language (L2) proficiency has been a firmly established technology used in educational contexts for decades. Although holistic scoring has seen advancements in AES that match or even exceed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Stefano Bannò , Hari Krishna Vydana , Kate M. Knill , Mark J. F. Gales

This paper presents AutoHint, a novel framework for automatic prompt engineering and optimization for Large Language Models (LLM). While LLMs have demonstrated remarkable ability in achieving high-quality annotation in various tasks, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Hong Sun , Xue Li , Yinchuan Xu , Youkow Homma , Qi Cao , Min Wu , Jian Jiao , Denis Charles

We describe a method for selecting relevant new training data for the LSTM-based domain selection component of our personal assistant system. Adding more annotated training data for any ML system typically improves accuracy, but only if it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Xi C. Chen , Adithya Sagar , Justine T. Kao , Tony Y. Li , Christopher Klein , Stephen Pulman , Ashish Garg , Jason D. Williams

Automatically generating feedback via large language models (LLMs) in intelligent tutoring systems and online learning platforms has the potential to improve the learning outcomes of many students. However, both feedback generation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Alexander Scarlatos , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

In recent years, the growing interest in Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced prompt engineering, transitioning from manual design to model-based optimization. Prompts for LLMs generally comprise two components: the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Qinhao Zhou , Xiang Xiang , Kun He , John E. Hopcroft

Detecting prosociality in text--communication intended to affirm, support, or improve others' behavior--is a novel and increasingly important challenge for trust and safety systems. Unlike toxic content detection, prosociality lacks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Rafal Kocielnik , Min Kim , Penphob , Boonyarungsrit , Fereshteh Soltani , Deshawn Sambrano , Animashree Anandkumar , R. Michael Alvarez

This study investigates the efficacy of large language models (LLMs) as tools for grading master-level student essays. Utilizing a sample of 60 essays in political science, the study compares the accuracy of grades suggested by the GPT-4…

General Economics · Economics 2024-06-25 Magnus Lundgren

What kinds of instructional prompts are easier to follow for Language Models (LMs)? We study this question by conducting extensive empirical analysis that shed light on important features of successful instructional prompts. Specifically,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Swaroop Mishra , Daniel Khashabi , Chitta Baral , Yejin Choi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

We demonstrate that, through appropriate prompting, GPT-3 family of models can be triggered to perform iterative behaviours necessary to execute (rather than just write or recall) programs that involve loops, including several popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Ana Jojic , Zhen Wang , Nebojsa Jojic

In this study, we investigate the potential of GPT-4 and its advanced iteration, GPT-4 Turbo, in autonomously developing a detailed entity type taxonomy. Our objective is to construct a comprehensive taxonomy, starting from a broad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Michael Gunn , Dohyun Park , Nidhish Kamath

Semantic similarity between two sentences depends on the aspects considered between those sentences. To study this phenomenon, Deshpande et al. (2023) proposed the Conditional Semantic Textual Similarity (C-STS) task and annotated a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gaifan Zhang , Yi Zhou , Danushka Bollegala

Timely formative feedback is considered as one of the most important drivers for effective learning. Delivering timely and individualized feedback is particularly challenging in large classes in higher education. Recently Large Language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Imen Azaiz , Oliver Deckarm , Sven Strickroth