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Here, we show that isorefractive spacetime crystals with a travelling-wave modulation may mimic rigorously the response of moving material systems. While generic spacetime crystals are characterized by a bi-anisotropic coupling in the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-03-06 Filipa R. Prudêncio , Mário G. Silveirinha

Here, we show that spacetime modulations provide an exciting route to realize complex nonreciprocal couplings, and in particular the elusive axion response. We develop an analytical formalism to homogenize anisotropic spacetime crystals in…

Optics · Physics 2022-09-08 Filipa R. Prudêncio , Mário G. Silveirinha

Time-variant systems have recently garnered considerable attention due to their unique potentials in manipulating electromagnetic waves. Here, a novel class of topological spacetime crystals is introduced, with a traveling-wave modulation…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-24 João C. Serra , Mário G. Silveirinha

We introduce a homogenization approach to characterize the dynamical response of a generic dispersive spacetime crystal in the long-wavelength limit. The theory is applied to dispersive spacetime platforms with a travelling-wave modulation.…

Optics · Physics 2023-07-26 João C. Serra , Mário G. Silveirinha

Laminated media with material properties modulated in space and time in the form of travelling waves have long been known to exhibit non-reciprocity. However, when using the method of low frequency homogenisation, it was so far only…

Classical Physics · Physics 2023-11-20 Marie Touboul , Bruno Lombard , Raphaël Assier , Sébastien Guenneau , Richard V Craster

Periodic driving of particles can create crystalline structures in their dynamics. Such systems can be used to study solid-state physics phenomena in the time domain. In addition, it is possible to realize photonic time crystals and to…

Nonreciprocity in space-time modulated photonic crystals has been investigated in the context of nonreciprocal propagation and polarization. Here, we investigate a reconfigurable nonreciprocal wave growth in space-time modulated crystals.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Mohamed F. Hagag , Thomas R. Jones , Karim Seddik , Dimitrios Peroulis

We introduce a new class of out-of-equilibrium noninteracting topological phases, the topological space-time crystals. These are time-dependent quantum systems which do not have discrete spatial translation symmetries, but instead are…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-05-06 Yang Peng

Time crystals are unexpected states of matter that spontaneously break time translation symmetry either in a discrete or continuous manner. However, spatially-mesoscale space-time crystals that break both the space and time symmetries have…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-24 Hanqing Zhao , Ivan I. Smalyukh

Spatiotemporal metasurfaces offer unique opportunities for wave manipulation, however, their practical realization is often constrained by the requirement for in-plane spatial modulation, which necessitates a large number of time-varying…

Spatio-temporally modulated impedance surfaces can be good candidates for generation of radiating waves with arbitrary eigenstates by breaking momentum and energy conservations. Here, we present a theoretical framework based on the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-12-16 Amrollah Amini , Homayoon Oraizi

In recent years a significant progress has been made in the development of magnet-less nonreciprocity using space-time modulation, both in electromagnetics and acoustics. This approach has so far resulted in a plethora of non-reciprocal…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Yakir Hadad , Dimitrios Sounas

Studying the topology of spatiotemporal media poses a fundamental challenge: their remarkable properties stem from breaking spatial and temporal symmetries, yet this same breaking obscures their topological characterization. Here, we show…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-27 Alejandro Caballero , Thomas F. Allard , Paloma A. Huidobro

We present a general framework for the homogenisation theory of space-time metamaterials. By mapping to a frame co-moving with the space-time modulation, we derive analytical formulae for the effective material parameters for travelling…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Paloma Arroyo Huidobro , Mario G. Silveirinha , Emanuele Galiffi , J. B. Pendry

Dispersion properties of electromagnetic crystals formed by small uniaxial resonant scatterers (magnetic or electric) are studied using the local field approach. The goal of the study is to determine the conditions under which the…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-11 Pavel A. Belov , Constantin R. Simovski

We examine the distinct discrete time crystals (DTCs) that emerge in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, subjected to spatially nonuniform periodic driving. Intriguingly, we demonstrate that by appropriately tailoring the drive protocol,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Shashank Mishra , Sayan Choudhury

The present paper is concerned with a space-time homogenization problem for nonlinear diffusion equations with periodically oscillating (in space and time) coefficients. Main results consist of a homogenization theorem (i.e., convergence of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-07-21 Goro Akagi , Tomoyuki Oka

We introduce a space-time Floquet operator, a generalization of the conventional Floquet operator, that captures the long-time behavior of space-time crystals - systems where spatial and temporal periodicities are intrinsically intertwined.…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-10-21 Abhijeet Melkani , Jayson Paulose

Physical systems with material properties modulated in time provide versatile routes for designing magnetless nonreciprocal devices. Traditionally, nonreciprocity in such systems is achieved exploiting both temporal and spatial modulations,…

In this paper we develop homogenization theory for spatiotemporally modulated wire medium. We first solve for the modal waves that are supported by this composite medium, we show peculiar properties such as extraordinary waves that…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-11-18 Michael Kreiczer , Yakir Hadad
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