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Constructing historical language models (LMs) plays a crucial role in aiding archaeological provenance studies and understanding ancient cultures. However, existing resources present major challenges for training effective LMs on historical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Xiaolei Diao , Zhihan Zhou , Lida Shi , Ting Wang , Ruihua Qi , Hao Xu , Daqian Shi

Research on the attribute information of calligraphy, such as styles, dynasties, and calligraphers, holds significant cultural and historical value. However, the styles of Chinese calligraphy characters have evolved dramatically through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Yixin Zhao , Yuyi Zhang , Lianwen Jin

Character recognition is the fundamental part of an optical character recognition (OCR) system. Word recognition, sentence transcription, document digitization, and language processing are some of the higher-order activities that can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mirza Raquib , Asif Pervez Polok , Kedar Nath Biswas , Farida Siddiqi Prity , Saydul Akbar Murad , Nick Rahimi

Ancient manuscripts are the primary source of ancient linguistic corpora. However, many ancient manuscripts exhibit duplications due to unintentional repeated publication or deliberate forgery. The Dead Sea Scrolls, for example, include…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Chongsheng Zhang , Shuwen Wu , Yingqi Chen , Yi Men , Gaojuan Fan , Matthias Aßenmacher , Christian Heumann , João Gama

Recognition of Off-line Chinese characters is still a challenging problem, especially in historical documents, not only in the number of classes extremely large in comparison to contemporary image retrieval methods, but also new unseen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Sheng He , Lambert Schomaker

Bronze inscriptions from early China are fragmentary and difficult to date. We introduce BIRD(Bronze Inscription Restoration and Dating), a fully encoded dataset grounded in standard scholarly transcriptions and chronological labels. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Wenjie Hua , Hoang H. Nguyen , Gangyan Ge

We introduce Chinese Text in the Wild, a very large dataset of Chinese text in street view images. While optical character recognition (OCR) in document images is well studied and many commercial tools are available, detection and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Tai-Ling Yuan , Zhe Zhu , Kun Xu , Cheng-Jun Li , Shi-Min Hu

Foundational to the Chinese language and culture, Chinese characters encompass extraordinarily extensive and ever-expanding categories, with the latest Chinese GB18030-2022 standard containing 87,887 categories. The accurate recognition of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yuyi Zhang , Yongxin Shi , Peirong Zhang , Yixin Zhao , Zhenhua Yang , Lianwen Jin

Despite the tremendous recent progress on natural language inference (NLI), driven largely by large-scale investment in new datasets (e.g., SNLI, MNLI) and advances in modeling, most progress has been limited to English due to a lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Hai Hu , Kyle Richardson , Liang Xu , Lu Li , Sandra Kuebler , Lawrence S. Moss

While strides have been made in deep learning based Bengali Optical Character Recognition (OCR) in the past decade, the absence of large Document Layout Analysis (DLA) datasets has hindered the application of OCR in document transcription,…

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tongue diagnosis, while clinically valuable, faces standardization challenges due to subjective interpretation and inconsistent imaging protocols, compounded by the lack of large-scale, annotated datasets…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 Xuebo Jin , Longfei Gao , Anshuo Tong , Zhengyang Chen , Jianlei Kong , Ning Sun , Huijun Ma , Qiang Wang , Yuting Bai , Tingli Su

Ancient scripts, e.g., Egyptian hieroglyphs, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and Ancient Greek inscriptions, serve as vital carriers of human civilization, embedding invaluable historical and cultural information. Automating ancient script image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Xiaolei Diao , Rite Bo , Yanling Xiao , Lida Shi , Zhihan Zhou , Hao Xu , Chuntao Li , Xiongfeng Tang , Massimo Poesio , Cédric M. John , Daqian Shi

Chinese paleography, the study of ancient Chinese writing, is undergoing a computational turn powered by artificial intelligence. This position paper charts the trajectory of this emerging field, arguing that it is evolving from automating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yiran Rex Ma

The Houma Alliance Book, one of history's earliest calligraphic examples, was unearthed in the 1970s. These artifacts were meticulously organized, reproduced, and copied by the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Xiaoyu Yuan , Xiaohua Huang , Zibo Zhang , Yabo Sun

Understanding what linguistic components (e.g., phonological, semantic, and orthographic systems) modulate Chinese handwriting at the character, radical, and stroke levels remains an important yet understudied topic. Additionally, there is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zebo Xu , Shaoyun Yu , Mark Torrance , Guido Nottbusch , Nan Zhao , Zhenguang Cai

Optical character recognition (OCR) methods have been applied to diverse tasks, e.g., street view text recognition and document analysis. Recently, zero-shot OCR has piqued the interest of the research community because it considers a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Xiaolei Diao , Daqian Shi , Jian Li , Lida Shi , Mingzhe Yue , Ruihua Qi , Chuntao Li , Hao Xu

The information provided by historical documents has always been indispensable in the transmission of human civilization, but it has also made these books susceptible to damage due to various factors. Thanks to recent technology, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Chia-Wei Tang , Chao-Lin Liu , Po-Sen Chiu

Being heavily reliant on animals, it is our ethical obligation to improve their well-being by understanding their needs. Several studies show that animal needs are often expressed through their faces. Though remarkable progress has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Muhammad Haris Khan , John McDonagh , Salman Khan , Muhammad Shahabuddin , Aditya Arora , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Ling Shao , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

This study presents a multi-modal multi-granularity tokenizer specifically designed for analyzing ancient Chinese scripts, focusing on the Chu bamboo slip (CBS) script used during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period (771-256…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yingfa Chen , Chenlong Hu , Cong Feng , Chenyang Song , Shi Yu , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Dongba pictographic is the only pictographic script still in use in the world. Its pictorial ideographic features carry rich cultural and contextual information. However, due to the lack of relevant datasets, research on semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Xiaojun Bi , Shuo Li , Junyao Xing , Ziyue Wang , Fuwen Luo , Weizheng Qiao , Lu Han , Ziwei Sun , Peng Li , Yang Liu