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Multiple instance learning (MIL) aims to learn the mapping between a bag of instances and the bag-level label. In this paper, we propose a new end-to-end graph neural network (GNN) based algorithm for MIL: we treat each bag as a graph and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Ming Tu , Jing Huang , Xiaodong He , Bowen Zhou

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is the leading approach for whole slide image (WSI) classification, enabling efficient analysis of gigapixel pathology slides. Recent work has introduced vision-language models (VLMs) into MIL pipelines to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ngoc Bui Lam Quang , Nam Le Nguyen Binh , Thanh-Huy Nguyen , Le Thien Phuc Nguyen , Quan Nguyen , Ulas Bagci

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as a popular method for classifying histopathology whole slide images (WSIs). Existing approaches typically rely on frozen pre-trained models to extract instance features, neglecting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yi Lin , Zhengjie Zhu , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Hao Chen

We present a comprehensive study of the use of generative modeling approaches for Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) problems. In MIL a learner receives training instances grouped together into bags with labels for the bags only (which might…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-09-27 Tameem Adel , Benn Smith , Ruth Urner , Daniel Stashuk , Daniel J. Lizotte

Machine learning models have become integral to many fields, but their reliability, defined as producing dependable, trustworthy, and domain-consistent predictions, remains a critical concern. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Hassan Keshvarikhojasteh , Marc Aubreville , Christof A. Bertram , Josien P. W. Pluim , Mitko Veta

Detecting anomalies over real-world datasets remains a challenging task. Data annotation is an intensive human labor problem, particularly in sequential datasets, where the start and end time of anomalies are not known. As a result, data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Parastoo Kamranfar , David Lattanzi , Amarda Shehu , Daniel Barbará

In digital pathology, Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis is usually formulated as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem. Although transformer-based architectures have been used for WSI classification, these methods require modifications…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Juan I. Pisula , Katarzyna Bozek

Accurate diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors, starting with histopathology, presents unique challenges for deep learning, including severe data scarcity, class imbalance, and fine-grained morphologic overlap across diagnostically distinct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Joakim Nguyen , Jian Yu , Jinrui Fang , Nicholas Konz , Tianlong Chen , Sanjay Krishnan , Chandra Krishnan , Ying Ding , Hairong Wang , Ankita Shukla

In histopathology, intelligent diagnosis of Whole Slide Images (WSIs) is essential for automating and objectifying diagnoses, reducing the workload of pathologists. However, diagnostic models often face the challenge of forgetting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Weixi Zheng , Aoling Huang , Jingping Yuan , Haoyu Zhao , Zhou Zhao , Yongchao Xu , Thierry Géraud

Whole-slide images (WSI) in computational pathology have high resolution with gigapixel size, but are generally with sparse regions of interest, which leads to weak diagnostic relevance and data inefficiency for each area in the slide. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Boxuan Zhao , Jun Zhang , Deheng Ye , Jian Cao , Xiao Han , Qiang Fu , Wei Yang

A growing number of applications, e.g. video surveillance and medical image analysis, require training recognition systems from large amounts of weakly annotated data while some targeted interactions with a domain expert are allowed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Marc-André Carbonneau , Eric Granger , Ghyslain Gagnon

We propose a Multi-Instance-Learning (MIL) approach for weakly-supervised learning problems, where a training set is formed by bags (sets of feature vectors or instances) and only labels at bag-level are provided. Specifically, we consider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-04 Adria Ruiz , Ognjen Rudovic , Xavier Binefa , Maja Pantic

Malignant lymphoma subtype classification directly impacts treatment strategies and patient outcomes, necessitating classification models that achieve both high accuracy and sufficient explainability. This study proposes a novel explainable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Daiki Nishiyama , Hiroaki Miyoshi , Noriaki Hashimoto , Koichi Ohshima , Hidekata Hontani , Ichiro Takeuchi , Jun Sakuma

Weakly Supervised Object Detection (WSOD), using only image-level annotations to train object detectors, is of growing importance in object recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel deep network for WSOD. Unlike previous networks that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Peng Tang , Xinggang Wang , Song Bai , Wei Shen , Xiang Bai , Wenyu Liu , Alan Yuille

In recent years, a standard computational pathology workflow has emerged where whole slide images are cropped into tiles, these tiles are processed using a foundation model, and task-specific models are built using the resulting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Eric Zimmermann , Julian Viret , Michal Zelechowski , James Brian Hall , Neil Tenenholtz , Adam Casson , George Shaikovski , Eugene Vorontsov , Siqi Liu , Kristen A Severson

Weakly supervised instance labeling using only image-level labels, in lieu of expensive fine-grained pixel annotations, is crucial in several applications including medical image analysis. In contrast to conventional instance segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan , Satyananda Kashyap , Alexandros Karagyris

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a form of weakly supervised learning where training instances are arranged in sets, called bags, and a label is provided for the entire bag. This formulation is gaining interest because it naturally fits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Marc-André Carbonneau , Veronika Cheplygina , Eric Granger , Ghyslain Gagnon

Pathological image analysis is an important process for detecting abnormalities such as cancer from cell images. However, since the image size is generally very large, the cost of providing detailed annotations is high, which makes it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Shusuke Takahama , Yusuke Kurose , Yusuke Mukuta , Hiroyuki Abe , Akihiko Yoshizawa , Tetsuo Ushiku , Masashi Fukayama , Masanobu Kitagawa , Masaru Kitsuregawa , Tatsuya Harada

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has emerged as a dominant paradigm to extract discriminative feature representations within Whole Slide Images (WSIs) in computational pathology. Despite driving notable progress, existing MIL approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shu Yang , Yihui Wang , Hao Chen

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a weakly supervised learning problem where the aim is to assign labels to sets or bags of instances, as opposed to traditional supervised learning where each instance is assumed to be independent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Soumyasundar Pal , Antonios Valkanas , Florence Regol , Mark Coates
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