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Bilevel optimization poses a significant computational challenge due to its nested structure, where each upper-level candidate solution requires solving a corresponding lower-level problem. While evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are effective…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Dejun Xu , Jijia Chen , Gary G. Yen , Min Jiang

Stochastic bilevel optimization finds widespread applications in machine learning, including meta-learning, hyperparameter optimization, and neural architecture search. To extend stochastic bilevel optimization to distributed data, several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yihan Zhang , My T. Thai , Jie Wu , Hongchang Gao

In this paper we present a novel tool to evaluate problem solving systems. Instead of using a system to solve a problem, we suggest using the problem to evaluate the system. By finding a numerical representation of a problem's complexity,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Goren Gordon , Uri Einziger-Lowicz

Optimization problems in engineering and applied mathematics are typically solved in an iterative fashion, by systematically adjusting the variables of interest until an adequate solution is found. The iterative algorithms that govern these…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-31 Laurent Lessard

In this paper, we focus on simple bilevel optimization problems, where we minimize a convex smooth objective function over the optimal solution set of another convex smooth constrained optimization problem. We present a novel bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-03 Jincheng Cao , Ruichen Jiang , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani , Aryan Mokhtari

Solving a bilevel optimization problem is at the core of several machine learning problems such as hyperparameter tuning, data denoising, meta- and few-shot learning, and training-data poisoning. Different from simultaneous or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Akshay Mehra , Jihun Hamm

Bilevel optimization problems are characterized by an interactive hierarchical structure, where the upper level seeks to optimize its strategy while simultaneously considering the response of the lower level. Evolutionary algorithms are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Dejun Xu , Kai Ye , Zimo Zheng , Tao Zhou , Gary G. Yen , Min Jiang

This paper proposes a bilevel hierarchy of strengthened complex moment relaxations for complex polynomial optimization. The key trick entails considering a class of positive semidefinite conditions that arise naturally in characterizing the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-12 Jie Wang

In multi-robot systems, achieving coordinated missions remains a significant challenge due to the coupled nature of coordination behaviors and the lack of global information for individual robots. To mitigate these challenges, this paper…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Zechen Hu , Daigo Shishika , Xuesu Xiao , Xuan Wang

Machine Learning models incorporating multiple layered learning networks have been seen to provide effective models for various classification problems. The resulting optimization problem to solve for the optimal vector minimizing the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-03 Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Tomas Pevny

In this paper, we present difference of convex algorithms for solving bilevel programs in which the upper level objective functions are difference of convex functions, and the lower level programs are fully convex. This nontrivial class of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-30 Jane J. Ye , Xiaoming Yuan , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

Diversification in a set of solutions has become a hot research topic in the evolutionary computation community. It has been proven beneficial for optimisation problems in several ways, such as computing a diverse set of high-quality…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Adel Nikfarjam , Amirhossein Moosavi , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann

Algorithms for continuous optimization problems have a rich history of design and innovation over the past several decades, in which mathematical analysis of their convergence and complexity properties plays a central role. Besides their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-03 Stephen J. Wright

Recent advancements in quantum computing and quantum-inspired algorithms have sparked renewed interest in binary optimization. These hardware and software innovations promise to revolutionize solution times for complex problems. In this…

Category-level 6D object pose estimation is typically formulated as a multi-category joint learning problem with fully shared model parameters. However, pronounced geometric heterogeneity across categories entangles incompatible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yifan Gao , Lu Zou , Zhangjin Huang , Guoping Wang

Bilevel optimization is characterized by a two-level optimization structure, where the upper-level problem is constrained by optimal lower-level solutions, and such structures are prevalent in real-world problems. The constraint by optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ruth Wan Theng Chew , Quoc Phong Nguyen , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Bilevel optimization reveals the inner structure of otherwise oblique optimization problems, such as hyperparameter tuning, neural architecture search, and meta-learning. A common goal in bilevel optimization is to minimize a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Lesi Chen , Jing Xu , Jingzhao Zhang

This document introduces a strategy to solve linear optimization problems. The strategy is based on the bounding condition each constraint produces on each one of the problem's dimension. The solution of a linear optimization problem is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-24 Gerardo L. Febres

Answering complex questions often requires multi-step reasoning in order to obtain the final answer. Most research into decompositions of complex questions involves open-domain systems, which have shown success in using these decompositions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Kangda Wei , Dawn Lawrie , Benjamin Van Durme , Yunmo Chen , Orion Weller

We consider a bilevel optimization problem in which the ground set is partitioned between two decision makers, a leader and a follower, whose optimization problems are interleaved. We study the Bilevel Independent Set problem, and its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Komal Muluk