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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, yet their ability to perform structured symbolic planning remains limited, particularly in domains requiring formal representations like the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Pulkit Verma , Ngoc La , Anthony Favier , Swaroop Mishra , Julie A. Shah

We present GenePlan (GENeralized Evolutionary Planner), a novel framework that leverages large language model (LLM) assisted evolutionary algorithms to generate domain-dependent generalized planners for classical planning tasks described in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Andrew Murray , Danial Dervovic , Alberto Pozanco , Michael Cashmore

We present an end-to-end framework for planning supported by verifiers. An orchestrator receives a human specification written in natural language and converts it into a PDDL (Planning Domain Definition Language) model, where the domain and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Emanuele La Malfa , Ping Zhu , Samuele Marro , Sara Bernardini , Michael Wooldridge

In recent years research in the planning community has moved increasingly toward s application of planners to realistic problems involving both time and many typ es of resources. For example, interest in planning demonstrated by the space…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-24 M. Fox , D. Long

Real world applications of planning, like in industry and robotics, require modelling rich and diverse scenarios. Their resolution usually requires coordinated and concurrent action executions. In several cases, such planning problems are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-07 D. Pellier , H. Fiorino , M. Grand , A. Albore , R. Bailon-Ruiz

Epistemic planning extends (multi-agent) automated planning by making agents' knowledge and beliefs first-class aspects of the planning formalism. One of the most well-known frameworks for epistemic planning is Dynamic Epistemic Logic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Alessandro Burigana , Francesco Fabiano

In translation, a concept represented by a single word in a source language can have multiple variations in a target language. The task of lexical selection requires using context to identify which variation is most appropriate for a source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Josh Barua , Sanjay Subramanian , Kayo Yin , Alane Suhr

Practically all of the planning research is limited to states represented in terms of Boolean and numeric state variables. Many practical problems, for example, planning inside complex software systems, require far more complex data types,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Mojtaba Elahi , Jussi Rintanen

Recent work shows overwhelming evidence that LLMs, even those trained to scale their reasoning trace, perform unsatisfactorily when solving planning problems too complex. Whether the same conclusion holds for LLM formalizers that generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Owen Jiang , Cassie Huang , Ashish Sabharwal , Li Zhang

Planning is a fundamental capability for large language models (LLMs) because such complex tasks require models to coordinate goals, constraints, resources, and long-term consequences into executable and verifiable solutions. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Ziliang Zhao , Zenan Xu , Shuting Wang , Hongjin Qian , Yan Lei , Minda Hu , Zhao Wang , Shihan Dou , Zhicheng Dou , Pluto Zhou

Recent work has considered whether large language models (LLMs) can function as planners: given a task, generate a plan. We investigate whether LLMs can serve as generalized planners: given a domain and training tasks, generate a program…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Tom Silver , Soham Dan , Kavitha Srinivas , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Leslie Pack Kaelbling , Michael Katz

Robots need task planning algorithms to sequence actions toward accomplishing goals that are impossible through individual actions. Off-the-shelf task planners can be used by intelligent robotics practitioners to solve a variety of planning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Yuqian Jiang , Shiqi Zhang , Piyush Khandelwal , Peter Stone

Owing to their reasoning capabilities, large language models (LLMs) have been evaluated on planning tasks described in natural language. However, LLMs have largely been tested on planning domains without constraints. In order to deploy them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Periklis Mantenoglou , Rishi Hazra , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Luc De Raedt

Various real-world challenges require planning algorithms that can adapt to a broad range of domains. Traditionally, the creation of planning domains has relied heavily on human implementation, which limits the scale and diversity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Vedant Khandelwal , Amit Sheth , Forest Agostinelli

Enabling robot teams to execute natural language commands requires translating high-level instructions into feasible, efficient multi-robot plans. While Large Language Models (LLMs) combined with Planning Domain Description Language (PDDL)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Guangyao Shi , Yuwei Wu , Vijay Kumar , Gaurav S. Sukhatme

This paper presents a SysML profile that enables the direct integration of planning semantics based on the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) into system models. Reusable stereotypes are defined for key PDDL concepts such as types,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hamied Nabizada , Tom Jeleniewski , Lasse Beers , Maximilian Weigand , Felix Gehlhoff , Alexander Fay

Task planning, the problem of sequencing actions to reach a goal from an initial state, is a core capability requirement for autonomous robotic systems. Whether large language models (LLMs) can serve as viable planners alongside classical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Kai Göbel , Pierrick Lorang , Patrik Zips , Tobias Glück

Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, leading to intense excitement about their applicability across various domains. Unfortunately, recent work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Yaqi Xie , Chen Yu , Tongyao Zhu , Jinbin Bai , Ze Gong , Harold Soh

LLMs have been widely used in planning, either as planners to generate action sequences end-to-end, or as formalizers to represent the planning domain and problem in a formal language that can derive plans deterministically. However, both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Cassie Huang , Stuti Mohan , Ziyi Yang , Stefanie Tellex , Li Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance and gain widespread use, establishing systematic and reliable evaluation methodologies for LLMs and vision-language models (VLMs) has become essential to ensure their real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jie Feng , Jun Zhang , Tianhui Liu , Xin Zhang , Tianjian Ouyang , Junbo Yan , Yuwei Du , Siqi Guo , Yong Li