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Motor Imagery (MI) is an emerging Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) paradigm where a person imagines body movements without physical action. By decoding scalp-recorded electroencephalography (EEG) signals, BCIs establish direct communication…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jiani Cao , Kun Wang , Yang Liu , Zhenjiang Li

In the application of brain-computer interface (BCI), being able to accurately decode brain signals is a critical task. For the multi-class classification task of brain signal ECoG, how to improve the classification accuracy is one of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-07 Changqing Ji

The method of Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) is widely used for feature extraction of electroencephalography (EEG) data, such as in motor imagery brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. It is a data-driven method estimating a set of spatial…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-10 Mahta Mousavi , Eric Lybrand , Shuangquan Feng , Shuai Tang , Rayan Saab , Virginia de Sa

Motor imagery (MI) classification based on electroencephalogram (EEG) is a widely-used technique in non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. Since EEG recordings suffer from heterogeneity across subjects and labeled data…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-16 Shadi Sartipi , Mujdat Cetin

In real-world applications of noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG), specialized decoders often show limited generalizability across diverse tasks under subject-independent settings. One central challenge is that task-relevant EEG…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhiyuan Ma , Zeyuan Li , Zihao Qiu , Jinhao Li , Lingqin Meng , Xinche Zhang , Yixuan Liu , Xinke Shen , Sen Song

Hybrid motor imagery brain-computer interfaces (MI-BCIs), which integrate both electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals, outperform those based solely on EEG. However, simultaneously recording…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Yisheng Li , Shuqiang Wang

Compared with artificial neural networks (ANNs), spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising to explore the brain-like behaviors since the spikes could encode more spatio-temporal information. Although pre-training from ANN or direct…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Yujie Wu , Lei Deng , Guoqi Li , Jun Zhu , Luping Shi

Mixed-signal neuromorphic processors with brain-like organization and device physics offer an ultra-low-power alternative to the unsustainable developments of conventional deep learning and computing. However, realizing the potential of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Mattias Nilsson , Foteini Liwicki , Fredrik Sandin

Background: Common spatial pattern (CSP) has been widely used for feature extraction in the case of motor imagery (MI) electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings and in MI classification of brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. BCI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Cancheng Li , Chuanbo Qin , Jing Fang

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) transform spontaneous/evoked neural activity into control commands for external communication. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) remain the mainstream backbone for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ziwei Wang , Hongbin Wang , Tianwang Jia , Xingyi He , Siyang Li , Dongrui Wu

Invasive cortical brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) can significantly improve the life quality of motor-impaired patients. Nonetheless, externally mounted pedestals pose an infection risk, which calls for fully implanted systems. Such…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-04 Tengjun Liu , Julia Gygax , Julian Rossbroich , Yansong Chua , Shaomin Zhang , Friedemann Zenke

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enable neural interaction by decoding brain activity for external communication. Motor imagery (MI) decoding has received significant attention due to its intuitive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-01 Ziwei Wang , Siyang Li , Xiaoqing Chen , Dongrui Wu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have gained significant attention for their potential to enable energy-efficient artificial intelligence. However, effective and efficient training of SNNs remains an unresolved challenge. While…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chenxiang Ma , Xinyi Chen , Kay Chen Tan , Jibin Wu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), inspired by the spiking behavior of biological neurons, offer a distinctive approach for capturing the complexities of temporal data. However, their potential for spatial modeling in multivariate time-series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Bang Hu , Changze Lv , Mingjie Li , Yunpeng Liu , Xiaoqing Zheng , Fengzhe Zhang , Wei cao , Fan Zhang

Objective: This study aims to establish a generalized transfer-learning framework for boosting the performance of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) by leveraging cross-domain data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Kuan-Jung Chiang , Chun-Shu Wei , Masaki Nakanishi , Tzyy-Ping Jung

Motor imagery (MI) is a common brain computer interface (BCI) paradigm. EEG is non-stationary with low signal-to-noise, classifying motor imagery tasks of the same participant from different EEG recording sessions is generally challenging,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Zhengqing Miao , Xin Zhang , Carlo Menon , Yelong Zheng , Meirong Zhao , Dong Ming

The electroencephalography (EEG) signal is a non-stationary, stochastic, and highly non-linear bioelectric signal for which achieving high classification accuracy is challenging, especially when the number of subjects is limited. As…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-03 Xiangyun Li , Peng Chen , Zhanpeng Bao

Brain-computer interface (BCI) aims to decode motor intent from noninvasive neural signals to enable control of external devices, but practical deployment remains limited by noise and variability in motor imagery (MI)-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Si-Hyun Kim , Heon-Gyu Kwak , Byoung-Hee Kwon , Seong-Whan Lee

Implantable Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are promising for motor rehabilitation and mobility augmentation, and they demand accurate and energy-efficient algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel spiking neural network (SNN) decoder…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-06 Jiawei Liao , Oscar Toomey , Xiaying Wang , Lars Widmer , Cynthia A. Chestek , Luca Benini , Taekwang Jang

Neural decoding is still a challenge and hot topic in neurocomputing science. Recently, many studies have shown that brain network patterns containing rich spatial and temporal structure information, which represents the activation…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-24 Chunyu Liu , Jiacai Zhang