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While the open architecture, open interfaces, and integration of intelligence within Open Radio Access Network technology hold the promise of transforming 5G and 6G networks, they also introduce cybersecurity vulnerabilities that hinder its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Azuka Chiejina , Brian Kim , Kaushik Chowhdury , Vijay K. Shah

This paper investigates the emerging challenges of conflict detection and mitigation in Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN). Conflicts between xApps can arise that affect network performance and stability due to the disaggregated nature of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Abdul Wadud , Fatemeh Golpayegani , Nima Afraz

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture enables a flexible, vendor-neutral deployment of 5G networks by disaggregating base station components and supporting third-party xApps for near real-time RAN control. However, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Pragya Sharma , Shihua Sun , Shachi Deshpande , Angelos Stavrou , Haining Wang

O-RAN (Open-Radio Access Network) offers a flexible, open architecture for next-generation wireless networks. Network slicing within O-RAN allows network operators to create customized virtual networks, each tailored to meet the specific…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Sihem Bakri , Indrakshi Dey , Harun Siljak , Marco Ruffini , Nicola Marchetti

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is transforming the telecommunications landscape by enabling flexible, intelligent, and multi-vendor networks. Central to its architecture are xApps hosted on the Near-Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controller…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Anastasios Giannopoulos , Sotirios Spantideas , Levis George , Kalafatelis Alexandros , Panagiotis Trakadas

Open RAN (O-RAN) fosters multi-vendor interoperability and data-driven control but simultaneously introduces the challenge of coordinating pre-trained xApps that may produce conflicting actions. Although O-RAN specifications mandate offline…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 Idris Cinemre , Toktam Mahmoodi , Amirmohammad Farzaneh

The steady evolution of the Open RAN concept sheds light on xApps and their potential use cases in O-RANcompliant deployments. There are several areas where xApps can be used that are being widely investigated, but the issue of mitigating…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Cezary Adamczyk , Adrian Kliks

The advent of Open Radio Access Network (RAN) has revolutionized the field of RAN by introducing elements of native support of intelligence and openness into the next generation of mobile network infrastructure. Open RAN paves the way for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Abdul Wadud , Fatemeh Golpayegani , Nima Afraz

Open Radio Access Network (RAN) enables flexible, AI-driven control of mobile networks through disaggregated, multi-vendor components. In this architecture, xApps handle real-time functions, whereas rApps in the non-real-time controller…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Haiyuan Li , Yulei Wu , Dimitra Simeonidou

The highly heterogeneous ecosystem of Next Generation (NextG) wireless communication systems calls for novel networking paradigms where functionalities and operations can be dynamically and optimally reconfigured in real time to adapt to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Maria Tsampazi , Salvatore D'Oro , Michele Polese , Leonardo Bonati , Gwenael Poitau , Michael Healy , Tommaso Melodia

In Open Radio Access Networks, the Conflict Mitigation component, which is part of the Near-RT RIC, aims to detect and resolve any conflicts between xApp decisions. In this paper, we propose a universal method for detecting and resolving of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Cezary Adamczyk , Adrian Kliks

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture enables the deployment of third-party applications on the RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs). However, the operation of third-party applications in the Near Real-Time RIC (Near-RT RIC),…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Arshia Zolghadr , Joao F. Santos , Luiz A. DaSilva , Jacek Kibiłda

Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) are emerging as a disruptive technology, revolutionising traditional mobile network architecture and deployments in the current 5G and the upcoming 6G era. Disaggregation of network architecture, inherent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Thusitha Dayaratne , Viet Vo , Shangqi Lai , Sharif Abuadbba , Blake Haydon , Hajime Suzuki , Xingliang Yuan , Carsten Rudolph

With emerging applications such as autonomous driving, smart cities, and smart factories, network slicing has become an essential component of 5G and beyond networks as a means of catering to a service-aware network. However, managing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Fatemeh Lotfi , Fatemeh Afghah

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Alliance proposes an open architecture that disaggregates the RAN and supports executing custom control logic in near-real time from third-party applications, the xApps. Despite O-RAN's efforts, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Joao F. Santos , Alexandre Huff , Daniel Campos , Kleber V. Cardoso , Cristiano B. Both , Luiz A. DaSilva

Open Radio Access Network (RAN) was designed with native Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a core pillar, enabling AI- driven xApps and rApps to dynamically optimize network performance. However, the independent ICP adjustments made by these…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Abdul Wadud , Nima Afraz , Fatemeh Golpayegani

The proliferation of 5G technology presents an unprecedented challenge in managing the energy consumption of densely deployed network infrastructures, particularly Base Stations (BSs), which account for the majority of power usage in mobile…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-17 Xuanyu Liang , Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi , Qiao Wang , Swarna Chetty , Chenrui Sun , Hamed Ahmadi

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture aims to support a plethora of network services, such as beam management and network slicing, through the use of third-party applications called xApps. To efficiently provide network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Federico Mungari , Corrado Puligheddu , Andres Garcia-Saavedra , Carla Fabiana Chiasserini

The O-RAN ALLIANCE is defining architectures, interfaces, operations, and security requirements for cellular networks based on Open Radio Access Network (RAN) principles. In this context, O-RAN introduced the RAN Intelligent Controllers…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Pietro Brach del Prever , Salvatore D'Oro , Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Maria Tsampazi , Heiko Lehmann , Tommaso Melodia

The disaggregated, distributed and virtualised implementation of radio access networks allows for dynamic resource allocation. These attributes can be realised by virtue of the Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) architecture. In this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Łukasz Kułacz , Adrian Kliks , Syed A. Zaidi , Marcin Dryjanski , Des McLernon
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