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Ensemble methods are frequently used in recommender systems to improve accuracy by combining multiple models. Recent work reports sizable performance gains, but most studies still optimize primarily for accuracy and robustness rather than…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jannik Nitschke , Lukas Wegmeth , Joeran Beel

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into software systems has significantly enhanced their capabilities while escalating energy demands. Ensemble learning, combining predictions from multiple models to form a single prediction,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Nienke Nijkamp , June Sallou , Niels van der Heijden , Luís Cruz

Ensemble techniques in recommender systems have demonstrated accuracy improvements of 10-30%, yet their environmental impact remains unmeasured. While deep learning recommendation algorithms can generate up to 3,297 kg CO2 per paper,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jannik Nitschke

Ensemble learning is a process by which multiple base learners are strategically generated and combined into one composite learner. There are two features that are essential to an ensemble's performance, the individual accuracies of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Wenjing Li , Randy C. Paffenroth , David Berthiaume

Machine learning (ML) continues to grow in importance across nearly all domains and is a natural tool in modeling to learn from data. Often a tradeoff exists between a model's ability to minimize bias and variance. In this paper, we utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Xingfu Wu , Valerie Taylor

Given the continuous increase in dataset sizes and the complexity of forecasting models, the trade-off between forecast accuracy and computational cost is emerging as an extremely relevant topic, especially in the context of ensemble…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Marco Zanotti

Ensembling is a simple and popular technique for boosting evaluation performance by training multiple models (e.g., with different initializations) and aggregating their predictions. This approach is commonly reserved for the largest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Dan Kondratyuk , Mingxing Tan , Matthew Brown , Boqing Gong

Software testing is one of the important ways to ensure the quality of software. It is found that testing cost more than 50% of overall project cost. Effective and efficient software testing utilizes the minimum resources of software.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Ali Nawaz , Attique Ur Rehman , Muhammad Abbas

Ensemble models often achieve higher accuracy than single learners, but their ability to maintain small generalization gaps is not always well understood. This study examines how ensembles balance accuracy and overfitting across four…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Zubair Ahmed Mohammad

The width of a neural network matters since increasing the width will necessarily increase the model capacity. However, the performance of a network does not improve linearly with the width and soon gets saturated. In this case, we argue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Shuai Zhao , Liguang Zhou , Wenxiao Wang , Deng Cai , Tin Lun Lam , Yangsheng Xu

The energy consumption and carbon footprint of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have become critical concerns due to rising costs and environmental impacts. In response, a new trend in green AI is emerging, shifting from the "bigger is better"…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Tiago da Silva Barros , Frédéric Giroire , Ramon Aparicio-Pardo , Joanna Moulierac

Ensembles, which employ a set of classifiers to enhance classification accuracy collectively, are crucial in the era of big data. However, although there is general agreement that the relation between ensemble size and its prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Enes Bektas , Fazli Can

Ensemble learning has gain attention in resent deep learning research as a way to further boost the accuracy and generalizability of deep neural network (DNN) models. Recent ensemble training method explores different training algorithms or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Jingchi Zhang , Huanrui Yang , Hai Li

The reliability of machine learning (ML) software systems is heavily influenced by changes in data over time. For that reason, ML systems require regular maintenance, typically based on model retraining. However, retraining requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Lorena Poenaru-Olaru , June Sallou , Luis Cruz , Jan Rellermeyer , Arie van Deursen

Ensemble learning has been widely employed by mobile applications, ranging from environmental sensing to activity recognitions. One of the fundamental issue in ensemble learning is the trade-off between classification accuracy and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-01-26 Shaowei Wang , Liusheng Huang , Pengzhan Wang , Hongli Xu , Wei Yang

Ensemble learning is a meta-learning approach that combines the predictions of multiple learners, demonstrating improved accuracy and robustness. Nevertheless, ensembling models like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) result in high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Le Zhang , Onat Gungor , Flavio Ponzina , Tajana Rosing

The increasing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing (NLP) tasks raises concerns about energy efficiency and sustainability. While prior research has largely focused on energy consumption during model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Johannes Zschache , Tilman Hartwig

A powerful way to improve performance in machine learning is to construct an ensemble that combines the predictions of multiple models. Ensemble methods are often much more accurate and lower variance than the individual classifiers that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Antonio Macaluso , Luca Clissa , Stefano Lodi , Claudio Sartori

Deep learning models have revolutionized various fields, from image recognition to natural language processing, by achieving unprecedented levels of accuracy. However, their increasing energy consumption has raised concerns about their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Shreyank N Gowda , Xinyue Hao , Gen Li , Shashank Narayana Gowda , Xiaobo Jin , Laura Sevilla-Lara

Smart buildings are gaining popularity because they can enhance energy efficiency, lower costs, improve security, and provide a more comfortable and convenient environment for building occupants. A considerable portion of the global energy…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Mehdi Neshat , Menasha Thilakaratne , Mohammed El-Abd , Seyedali Mirjalili , Amir H. Gandomi , John Boland
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