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A version control system, such as Git, requires a way to integrate changes from different developers or branches. Given a merge scenario, a merge tool either outputs a clean integration of the changes, or it outputs a conflict for manual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Benedikt Schesch , Ryan Featherman , Kenneth J. Yang , Ben R. Roberts , Michael D. Ernst

In collaborative software development, program merging is the mechanism to integrate changes from multiple programmers. Merge algorithms in modern version control systems report a conflict when changes interfere textually. Merge conflicts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Elizabeth Dinella , Todd Mytkowicz , Alexey Svyatkovskiy , Christian Bird , Mayur Naik , Shuvendu K. Lahiri

Developers create software branches for tentative feature addition and bug fixing, and periodically merge branches to release software with new features or repairing patches. When the program edits from different branches textually overlap…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Bowen Shen , Cihan Xiao , Na Meng , Fei He

Background. During collaborative software development, developers often use branches to add features or fix bugs. When merging changes from two branches, conflicts may occur if the changes are inconsistent. Developers need to resolve these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Moein Owhadi-Kareshk , Sarah Nadi , Julia Rubin

Merging is a core operation in version control systems such as Git, but traditional line-based algorithms often yield spurious conflicts, particularly in the presence of refactorings or parallel edits. While syntax- and semantics-aware…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Qiqi Jason Gu , Mikoláš Janota

Developers that use version control systems can work in parallel with other developers and merge their versions afterwards. Sometimes these merges fail, demanding manual intervention to resolve conflicts. Some studies aim at analyzing the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Tayane Silva Fernandes de Moura , Leonardo Gresta Paulino Murta

Collaborative software development is an integral part of the modern software development life cycle, essential to the success of large-scale software projects. When multiple developers make concurrent changes around the same lines of code,…

Dealing with merge conflicts in version control systems is a challenging task for software developers. Resolving merge conflicts is a time-consuming and error-prone process, which distracts developers from important tasks. Recent work shows…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Max Ellis , Sarah Nadi , Danny Dig

This paper applies machine learning to the difficult and important task of version control merging. (1) We constructed a dataset, Merge-Bench, of 7938 real-world merge conflict hunks from 1439 GitHub repositories. The ground truth is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Benedikt Schesch , Michael D. Ernst

Merge conflicts created by software team members working on the same code can be costly to resolve, and adversely affect productivity. In this work, we suggest the approach of fine-grained merge conflict awareness, where software team…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Stanislav Levin , Amiram Yehudai

Collaborative vocabulary development in the context of data integration is the process of finding consensus between the experts of the different systems and domains. The complexity of this process is increased with the number of involved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-01-12 Lavdim Halilaj , Irlán Grangel-González , Gökhan Coskun , Sören Auer

Even though many programmers rely on 3-way merge tools to integrate changes from different branches, such tools can introduce subtle bugs in the integration process. This paper aims to mitigate this problem by defining a semantic notion of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Marcelo Sousa , Isil Dillig , Shuvendu Lahiri

In collaborative software development, multiple contributors frequently change the source code in parallel to implement new features, fix bugs, refactor existing code, and make other changes. These simultaneous changes need to be merged…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Andre Oliveira , Vania Neves , Alexandre Plastino , Ana Carla Bibiano , Alessandro Garcia , Leonardo Murta

Unstructured line-based merge tools are widely used in practice. Structured AST-based merge tools show significantly improved merge accuracy, but are rarely used in practice because they are language specific and costly, consequently not…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Joao Pedro Duarte , Paulo Borba , Guilherme Cavalcanti

Merge conflicts often arise when developers integrate changes from different software branches. The conflicts can result from overlapping edits in programs (i.e., textual conflicts) or cause build and test errors (i.e., build and test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sheikh Shadab Towqir , Fei He , Todd Mytkowicz , Na Meng

Resolving conflicts from merging different software versions is a challenging task. To reduce the overhead of manual merging, researchers develop various program analysis-based tools which only solve specific types of conflicts and have a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Qingyu Zhang , Liangcai Su , Kai Ye , Chenxiong Qian

Collaborative writing is essential for teams that create documents together. Creating documents in large-scale collaborations is a challenging task that requires an efficient workflow. The design of such a workflow has received…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Markus Hofbauer , Christoph Bachhuber , Christopher Kuhn , Sebastian Schwarz , Bart Kroon , Eckehard Steinbach

Program merging is standard practice when developers integrate their individual changes to a common code base. When the merge algorithm fails, this is called a merge conflict. The conflict either manifests in textual merge conflicts where…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Jialu Zhang , Todd Mytkowicz , Mike Kaufman , Ruzica Piskac , Shuvendu K. Lahiri

Version control system tools empower developers to independently work on their development tasks. These tools also facilitate the integration of changes through merging operations, and report textual conflicts. However, when developers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Galileu Santos de Jesus , Paulo Borba , Rodrigo Bonifácio , Matheus Barbosa de Oliveira

Multi-task model merging offers a promising paradigm for integrating multiple expert models into a unified model without additional training. Existing state-of-the-art techniques, such as Task Arithmetic and its variants, merge models by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Wenju Sun , Qingyong Li , Yangli-ao Geng , Boyang Li
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