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The charging scheduling problem of Electric Buses (EBs) is investigated based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). A Markov Decision Process (MDP) is conceived, where the time horizon includes multiple charging and operating periods in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jiaju Qi , Lei Lei , Thorsteinn Jonsson , Lajos Hanzo

With growing interest in sustainable logistics, electric vehicle (EV)-based deliveries offer a promising alternative for urban distribution. However, EVs face challenges due to their limited battery capacity, requiring careful planning for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Arindam Khanda , Anurag Satpathy , Amit Jha , Sajal K. Das

This paper investigates the multi-compartment vehicle routing problem with multiple time windows (MCVRPMTW), an extension of the classical vehicle routing problem with time windows that considers vehicles equipped with multiple compartments…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-23 El Mehdi Er Raqabi , Kevin Dalmeijer , Pascal Van Hentenryck

In this paper, the problem of electric vehicle (EV) charging at the workplace is addressed via a two-layer predictive algorithm. We consider a time of use (TOU) pricing model for energy drawn from the grid and try to minimize the charging…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-18 Saif Ahmad , Jochem Baltussen , Pauline Kergus , Zohra Kader , Stéphane Caux

As a telecom provider, our company has a critical mission to maintain telecom services even during power outages. To accomplish the mission, it is essential to maintain the power of the telecom base stations. Here we consider a solution…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Daisuke Kikuta , Hiroki Ikeuchi , Kengo Tajiri , Yuta Toyama , Masaki Nakamura , Yuusuke Nakano

In light of the need for design and analysis of intermodal transportation systems, we propose an algorithmic framework to determine the system optimum of an intermodal transportation system. To this end, we model an intermodal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Benedikt Lienkamp , Maximilian Schiffer

Electric utility companies perform numerous technical interventions every day. Since it is generally not possible to complete all planned interventions within a single day, companies face two objectives: maximizing the total duration of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Elise Bangerter , David Schindl , Meritxell Pacheco Paneque , Nour Elhouda Tellache , Rodolphe Griset

Logistics has gained great attentions with the prosperous development of commerce, which is often seen as the classic optimal vehicle routing problem. Meanwhile, electric vehicle (EV) has been widely used in logistic fleet to curb the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-14 Canqi Yao , Shibo Chen , Zaiyue Yang

In this article we introduce Graph Generation, an enhanced Column Generation (CG) algorithm for solving expanded linear programming relaxations of mixed integer linear programs. To apply Graph Generation, we must be able to map any given…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-05 Julian Yarkony , Naveed Haghani , Amelia Regan

The logistical challenges and high costs associated with procuring and transporting fuel to remote military bases underscore the need for sustainable and resilient energy solutions. Integrating renewable energy sources and electric vehicles…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Nathan Cho , Andrea Lodi , Anna Scaglione

Two-echelon distribution systems are attractive from an economical standpoint and help to keep large vehicles out of city centers. Large trucks can be used to deliver goods to intermediate facilities in accessible locations, whereas smaller…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Ulrich Breunig , Roberto Baldacci , Richard F. Hartl , Thibaut Vidal

The Conflict-Free Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (CF-EVRP) is an extension of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), a combinatorial optimization problem of designing routes for vehicles to visit customers such that a cost function, typically…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-15 Sabino Francesco Roselli , Per-Lage Götvall , Martin Fabian , Knut Åkesson

The optimal charging infrastructure planning problem over a large geospatial area is challenging due to the increasing network sizes of the transportation system and the electric grid. The coupling between the electric vehicle travel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Wanshi Hong , Cong Zhang , Cy Chan , Bin Wang

In this paper, we provide a column generation-based approach for solving the airport flight-to-gate assignment problem, where the goal is to minimize the on-ground portion of arrival delays by optimally assigning each scheduled flight to a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-07 Yijiang Li , John-Paul Clarke , Santanu Dey

Electric vehicle (EV) charging couples the operation of power and traffic networks. Specifically, the power network determines the charging price at various locations, while EVs on the traffic network optimize the charging power given the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Yufan Zhang , Sujit Dey , Yuanyuan Shi

Ising machines are expected to solve combinatorial optimization problems faster than the existing integer programming solvers. These problems, particularly those encountered in practical situations, typically involve inequality constraints.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-11-05 Hiroshi Kanai , Masashi Yamashita , Kotaro Tanahashi , Shu Tanaka

We study the routing problem for vehicles with limited energy through a network of inhomogeneous charging nodes. This is substantially more complicated than the homogeneous node case studied in [1]. We seek to minimize the total elapsed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-04-25 Sepideh Pourazarm , Christos G. Cassandras

The Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (DVRPTW) is an extension of the well-known Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), which takes into account the dynamic nature of the problem. This aspect requires the vehicle routes to be…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-04-07 Raluca Necula , Mihaela Breaban , Madalina Raschip

An increase in greenhouse gases emission from the transportation sector has led companies and the government to elevate and support the production of electric vehicles (EV). With recent developments in urbanization and e-commerce,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Seyed Sajjad Fazeli , Saravanan Venkatachalam , Jonathon M. Smereka

The growing need for sustainable logistics solutions has led to the evolution of vehicle routing problems (VRPs) into more complex variants that address modern challenges. Among these, the Two-Echelon Electric Vehicle Routing Problem…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Mehmet Anıl Akbay , Christian Blum