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Approximate Nearest-Neighbor Search (ANNS) efficiently finds data items whose embeddings are close to that of a given query in a high-dimensional space, aiming to balance accuracy with speed. Used in recommendation systems, image and video…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Vansh Ramani , Alexis Schlomer , Akash Nayar , Sayan Ranu , Jignesh M. Patel , Panagiotis Karras

The in-memory algorithms for approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) have achieved great success for fast high-recall search, but are extremely expensive when handling very large scale database. Thus, there is an increasing request for…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Qi Chen , Bing Zhao , Haidong Wang , Mingqin Li , Chuanjie Liu , Zengzhong Li , Mao Yang , Jingdong Wang

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANN) is a common way to retrieve relevant search results, especially now in the context of large language models and retrieval augmented generation. One of the most widely used algorithms for ANN is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Nina Mishra , Yonatan Naamad , Tal Wagner , Lichen Zhang

The in-memory approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) algorithms have achieved great success for fast high-recall query processing, but are extremely inefficient when handling hybrid queries with unstructured (i.e., feature vectors) and…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Wei Wu , Junlin He , Yu Qiao , Guoheng Fu , Li Liu , Jin Yu

Sparse embeddings of data form an attractive class due to their inherent interpretability: Every dimension is tied to a term in some vocabulary, making it easy to visually decipher the latent space. Sparsity, however, poses unique…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sebastian Bruch , Franco Maria Nardini , Cosimo Rulli , Rossano Venturini

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is fundamental to modern AI applications. Most existing solutions optimize query efficiency but fail to align with the practical requirements of modern workloads. In this paper, we outline six…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Kejing Lu , Zhenpeng Pan , Jianbin Qin , Yoshiharu Ishikawa , Chuan Xiao

Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) is a nonparametric method for estimating the shape of a density function, given a set of samples from the distribution. Recently, locality-sensitive hashing, originally proposed as a tool for nearest neighbor…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Matti Karppa , Martin Aumüller , Rasmus Pagh

In-memory graph-based approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search has superior search performance but incurs significant memory footprint. Disk-based methods reduce memory usage but suffer from high disk access latency. A common challenge is…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ziwen Song , Bin Wang , Xiaochun Yang , Junhua Zhang

Adaptive Random Testing (ART) enhances the testing effectiveness (including fault-detection capability) of Random Testing (RT) by increasing the diversity of the random test cases throughout the input domain. Many ART algorithms have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Rubing Huang , Chenhui Cui , Junlong Lian , Dave Towey , Weifeng Sun , Haibo Chen

Fast k-Nearest Neighbor search over real-valued vector spaces (KNN) is an important algorithmic task for information retrieval and recommendation systems. We present a method for using reduced precision to represent vectors through…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Anthony Ko , Iman Keivanloo , Vihan Lakshman , Eric Schkufza

Locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) is a well-known solution for approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high-dimensional spaces due to its robust theoretical guarantee on query accuracy. Traditional LSH-based methods mainly focus on…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jiuqi Wei , Botao Peng , Xiaodong Lee , Themis Palpanas

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search on SSD-backed indexes is increasingly I/O-bound (I/O accounts for 70--90\% of query latency). We present an I/O-first framework for disk-based ANN that organizes techniques along three dimensions:…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Liang Li , Shufeng Gong , Yanan Yang , Yiduo Wang , Jie Wu

The $c$-approximate Near Neighbor problem in high dimensional spaces has been mainly addressed by Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH), which offers polynomial dependence on the dimension, query time sublinear in the size of the dataset, and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-12-23 Georgia Avarikioti , Ioannis Z. Emiris , Ioannis Psarros , Georgios Samaras

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) query in high-dimensional Euclidean space is a key operator in database systems. For this query, quantization is a popular family of methods developed for compressing vectors and reducing memory…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Jianyang Gao , Yutong Gou , Yuexuan Xu , Yongyi Yang , Cheng Long , Raymond Chi-Wing Wong

Filtered approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) restricts the search to data objects whose attributes satisfy a given filter and retrieves the top-$K$ objects that are most semantically similar to the query object. Many graph-based ANNS…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Wu , Dixin Tang

Locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) is a well-known solution for approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search with theoretical guarantees. Traditional LSH-based methods mainly focus on improving the efficiency and accuracy of query phase by…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jiuqi Wei , Xiaodong Lee , Botao Peng , Quanqing Xu , Chuanhui Yang , Themis Palpanas

Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) is an effective method of indexing a set of items to support efficient nearest neighbors queries in high-dimensional spaces. The basic idea of LSH is that similar items should produce hash collisions with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Haim Kaplan , Jay Tenenbaum

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a widely applied technique in modern intelligent applications, such as recommendation systems and vector databases. Therefore, efficient and high-throughput execution of ANN search has become…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zihan Liu , Wentao Ni , Jingwen Leng , Yu Feng , Cong Guo , Quan Chen , Chao Li , Minyi Guo , Yuhao Zhu

We present a novel search optimization solution for approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search on resource-constrained edge devices. Traditional ANN approaches fall short in meeting the specific demands of real-world scenarios, e.g., skewed…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Jianwei Zhang , Helian Feng , Xin He , Grant P. Strimel , Farhad Ghassemi , Ali Kebarighotbi

Finding nearest neighbors in high-dimensional spaces is a fundamental operation in many diverse application domains. Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) is one of the most popular techniques for finding approximate nearest neighbor searches in…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Omid Jafari , Preeti Maurya , Parth Nagarkar , Khandker Mushfiqul Islam , Chidambaram Crushev