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Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, especially in domain-specific contexts, requires benchmarks that address the distinctive requirements of the applicative scenario. Since real data can be hard to obtain, a common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Simone Filice , Guy Horowitz , David Carmel , Zohar Karnin , Liane Lewin-Eytan , Yoelle Maarek

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in jointly understanding text, images, and videos, often evaluated via Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, even state-of-the-art MLLMs struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Alberto Compagnoni , Marco Morini , Sara Sarto , Federico Cocchi , Davide Caffagni , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Multi-modal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MMRAG) enables highly credible generation by integrating external multi-modal knowledge, thus demonstrating impressive performance in complex multi-modal scenarios. However, existing MMRAG methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Shengwei Zhao , Jingwen Yao , Sitong Wei , Linhai Xu , Yuying Liu , Dong Zhang , Zhiqiang Tian , Shaoyi Du

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has shown great power in improving Large Language Models (LLMs). However, most existing RAG-based LLMs are dedicated to retrieving single modality information, mainly text; while for many real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Saptarshi Sengupta , Shuhua Yang , Paul Kwong Yu , Fali Wang , Suhang Wang

Traditional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods are limited by their reliance on a fixed number of retrieved documents, often resulting in incomplete or noisy information that undermines task performance. Although recent adaptive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Wenjia Zhai

Medical question answering (QA) requires extensive access to domain-specific knowledge. A promising direction is to enhance large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge retrieved from medical corpora or parametric knowledge stored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Lei Li , Xiao Zhou , Yingying Zhang , Xian Wu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has recently become a very popular task for Large Language Models (LLMs). Evaluating them on multi-turn RAG conversations, where the system is asked to generate a response to a question in the context of…

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to incorporate external knowledge at inference time. However, when retrieved contexts are noisy, incomplete, or heterogeneous, a single generation process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xingchen Xiao , Heyan Huang , Runheng Liu , Jincheng Xie

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MMRAG) has been introduced to enhance Multimodal Large Language Models by incorporating externally retrieved multimodal knowledge, but it introduces two challenges: Parametric-Retrieved Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yang Tian , Fan Liu , Jingyuan Zhang , Victoria W. , Yupeng Hu , Liqiang Nie

With the rapid development of large-scale language models, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been widely adopted. However, existing RAG paradigms are inevitably influenced by erroneous retrieval information, thereby reducing the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Ridong Wu , Shuhong Chen , Xiangbiao Su , Yuankai Zhu , Yifei Liao , Jianming Wu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to dynamically access external information, which is powerful for answering questions over previously unseen documents. Nonetheless, they struggle with high-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chi-Hsiang Hsiao , Yi-Cheng Wang , Tzung-Sheng Lin , Yi-Ren Yeh , Chu-Song Chen

Multi-entity question answering (MEQA) poses significant challenges for large language models (LLMs), which often struggle to consolidate scattered information across multiple documents. An example question might be "What is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Teng Lin , Yizhang Zhu , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang

Question Answering (QA) systems face challenges in handling complex questions that require multi-domain knowledge synthesis. The naive RAG models, although effective in information retrieval, struggle with complex questions that require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Ziyang Chen , Xiaobin Wang , Yong Jiang , Jinzhi Liao , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Xiang Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from hallucinations and outdated knowledge due to their reliance on static training data. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates these issues by integrating external dynamic information for…

Multi-modal multi-hop question answering involves answering a question by reasoning over multiple input sources from different modalities. Existing methods often retrieve evidences separately and then use a language model to generate an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Qian Yang , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Question generation (QG) from a given context can enhance comprehension, engagement, assessment, and overall efficacy in learning or conversational environments. Despite recent advancements in QG, the challenge of enhancing or measuring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Hokeun Yoon , JinYeong Bak

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in the Intellectual Property (IP) field often struggle with diverse user queries, including colloquial expressions, spelling errors, and ambiguous terminology, leading to inaccurate retrieval and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Runtao Ren , Jian Ma , Jianxi Luo

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as an effective paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge. However, existing multimodal RAG systems predominantly rely on coarse-grained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yifan Zhu , Yu Mi , Yue Lu , Yanchu Guan , Zhixuan Chu

Multi-modal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MMRAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models in knowledge-intensive question answering by integrating external visual, textual, and structural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiang Fang , Wanlong Fang , Changshuo Wang

The rapid evolution of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) toward multimodal, high-stakes enterprise applications has outpaced the development of domain specific evaluation benchmarks. Existing datasets often rely on general-domain corpora…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Chandan Kumar Sahu , Premith Kumar Chilukuri , Matthew Hetrich