Related papers: Reusable Formal Verification of DAG-based Consensu…
Proof-of-stake blockchains require consensus protocols that support Dynamic Availability and Reconfiguration (so-called DAR setting), where the former means that the consensus protocol should remain live even if a large number of nodes…
Algorand is a scalable and secure permissionless blockchain that achieves proof-of-stake consensus via cryptographic self-sortition and binary Byzantine agreement. In this paper we present a process algebraic model of the Algorand consensus…
Sharding has emerged as a critical technique for enhancing blockchain system scalability. However, existing sharding approaches face unique challenges when applied to Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)-based protocols that integrate expressive…
Several prominent DAG-based blockchain protocols, such as DAG-Rider, Tusk, and Bullshark, completely separate between equivocation elimination and committing; equivocation is handled through the use of a reliable Byzantine broadcast…
DAG-based consensus has attracted significant interest due to its high throughput in asynchronous network settings. However, existing protocols such as DAG-rider (Keidar et al., PODC 2021) and ``Narwhal and Tusk'' (Danezis et al., Eurosys…
The robust construction of the ledger data structure is an essential ingredient for the safe operation of a distributed ledger. While in traditional linear blockchain systems, permission to append to the structure is leader-based, in…
Decentralized techniques are becoming crucial and ubiquitous with the rapid advancement of distributed ledger technologies such as the blockchain. Numerous decentralized systems have been developed to address security and privacy issues…
Hyperledger Fabric is a leading permissioned blockchain framework for enterprise use, known for its modular design and privacy features. While it strongly supports configurable consensus and access control, Fabric can face challenges in…
Distributed ledger technology such as blockchain is considered essential for supporting large numbers of micro-transactions in the Machine Economy, which is envisioned to involve billions of connected heterogeneous and decentralized…
Since the emergence of Ethereum, blockchain-based decentralized applications (DApps) have become increasingly popular and important. To balance the security, performance, and costs, a DApp typically consists of two layers: an on-chain layer…
In order to fully unlock the transformative power of distributed ledgers and blockchains, it is crucial to develop innovative consensus algorithms that can overcome the obstacles of security, scalability, and interoperability, which…
The Decentralized-Consistent-Scale (DCS) Triangle defines three dimensions that illustrate the tradeoffs of the blockchain consensus mechanism. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid consensus protocol, called Deterministic Proof of Work…
Blockchains face a scalability limitation, partly due to the throughput limitations of consensus protocols, especially when aiming to obtain a high degree of decentralization. Layer 2 Rollups (L2s) are a faster alternative to conventional…
Blockchain has been regarded as a promising technology for Internet of Things (IoT), since it provides significant solutions for decentralized network which can address trust and security concerns, high maintenance cost problem, etc. The…
We introduce a structure for the directed acyclic graph (DAG) and a mechanism design based on that structure so that peers can reach consensus at large scale based on proof of work (PoW). We also design a mempool transaction assignment…
Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) and Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) in high-stakes domains demand reliable verification, yet centralized approaches suffer four limitations: (1) Robustness, with single points of failure vulnerable to attacks and…
Existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems typically use a centralized architecture, causing a high cost of data collection, integration, and management, as well as privacy concerns. There is a great need for a decentralized RAG…
The Narwhal system is a state-of-the-art Byzantine fault-tolerant scalable architecture that involves constructing a directed acyclic graph (DAG) of messages among a set of validators in a Blockchain network. Bullshark is a zero-overhead…
A blockchain is a distributed ledger for recording transactions, maintained by many nodes without central authority through a distributed cryptographic protocol. All nodes validate the information to be appended to the blockchain, and a…
The heterogeneity of the blockchain landscape has motivated the design of blockchain protocols tailored to specific blockchains and applications that, hence, require custom security proofs. We observe that many blockchain protocols share…