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Recently, deep-learning weather forecasting models have surpassed traditional numerical models in terms of the accuracy of meteorological variables. However, there is considerable potential for improvements in precipitation forecasts,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-20 Weiwen Ji , Jin Feng , Yueqi Liu , Yulu Qiu , Hua Gao

Climate change is causing the intensification of rainfall extremes. Precipitation projections with high spatial resolution are important for society to prepare for these changes, e.g. to model flooding impacts. Physics-based simulations for…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-11-30 Henry Addison , Elizabeth Kendon , Suman Ravuri , Laurence Aitchison , Peter AG Watson

Deep learning offers promising capabilities for the statistical downscaling of climate and weather forecasts, with generative approaches showing particular success in capturing fine-scale precipitation patterns. However, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Paula Harder , Christian Lessig , Matthew Chantry , Francis Pelletier , David Rolnick

Traffic forecasting is essential for intelligent transportation systems. Accurate forecasting relies on continuous observations collected by traffic sensors. However, due to high deployment and maintenance costs, not all regions are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Xinyu Su , Majid Sarvi , Feng Liu , Egemen Tanin , Jianzhong Qi

Weather nowcasting consists of predicting meteorological components in the short term at high spatial resolutions. Due to its influence in many human activities, accurate nowcasting has recently gained plenty of attention. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Jesus Garcia Fernandez , Siamak Mehrkanoon

Machine learning (ML) offers a computationally efficient approach for generating large ensembles of high-resolution climate projections, but deterministic ML methods often smooth fine-scale structures and underestimate extremes. While…

A deep learning model is presented to nowcast the occurrence of lightning at a five-minute time resolution 60 minutes into the future. The model is based on a recurrent-convolutional architecture that allows it to recognize and predict the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-03-16 Jussi Leinonen , Ulrich Hamann , Urs Germann

Ensemble weather forecasts based on multiple runs of numerical weather prediction models typically show systematic errors and require post-processing to obtain reliable forecasts. Accurately modeling multivariate dependencies is crucial in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Jieyu Chen , Tim Janke , Florian Steinke , Sebastian Lerch

We advance the modeling capability of electron particle precipitation from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere through a new database and use of machine learning (ML) tools to gain utility from those data. We have compiled, curated,…

AI-based weather forecasting now rivals traditional physics-based ensembles, but state-of-the-art (SOTA) models rely on specialized architectures and massive computational budgets, creating a high barrier to entry. We demonstrate that such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Salva Rühling Cachay , Duncan Watson-Parris , Rose Yu

The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model is a convection-allowing model used in operational weather forecasting across the contiguous United States (CONUS). To provide a computationally efficient alternative, we introduce HRRRCast, a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Daniel Abdi , Isidora Jankov , Paul Madden , Vanderlei Vargas , Timothy A. Smith , Sergey Frolov , Montgomery Flora , Corey Potvin

Weather extremes produce major impacts on society and ecosystems and are likely to change in likelihood and magnitude with climate change. However, very low probability events are hard to characterize statistically using observations or…

Applications · Statistics 2026-04-28 Christopher J. Paciorek , Daniel Cooley

Convective storms are one of the severe weather hazards found during the warm season. Doppler weather radar is the only operational instrument that can frequently sample the detailed structure of convective storm which has a small spatial…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-01-06 Lei Han , Juanzhen Sun , Wei Zhang

Ensemble weather forecasts enable a measure of uncertainty to be attached to each forecast, by computing the ensemble's spread. However, generating an ensemble with a good spread-error relationship is far from trivial, and a wide range of…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-01-05 Sebastian Scher , Gabriele Messori

With the increasing availability of meteorological data from various sensors, numerical models and reanalysis products, the need for efficient data integration methods has become paramount for improving weather forecasts and…

Cloud cover plays a critical role in weather prediction and impacts several sectors, including agriculture, solar power generation, and aviation. Despite advancements in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, forecasting total cloud…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Mikko Partio , Leila Hieta , Anniina Kokkonen

Large language models (LLMs) are often trained on extensive, temporally indiscriminate text corpora, reflecting the lack of datasets with temporal metadata. This approach is not aligned with the evolving nature of language. Conventional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Felix Drinkall , Eghbal Rahimikia , Janet B. Pierrehumbert , Stefan Zohren

With the highly demand of large-scale and real-time weather service for public, a refinement of short-time cloudage prediction has become an essential part of the weather forecast productions. To provide a weather-service-compliant cloudage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Chao Tan , Xin Feng , Jianwu Long , Li Geng

Most nowcasting systems, built on radar reflectivity, focus on current precipitation, ignoring the atmospheric precursors -- such as low-level convergence, turbulent eddies, and latent heating -- that offer a fleeting window to foresee…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Minghui Qiu , Jun Chen , Lin Chen , Weifeng Chen , Shuxin Zhong , Zhidan Liu , Yu Zhang , Kaishun Wu

Tensor time series (TTS) data, a generalization of one-dimensional time series on a high-dimensional space, is ubiquitous in real-world scenarios, especially in monitoring systems involving multi-source spatio-temporal data (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Jiewen Deng , Jinliang Deng , Renhe Jiang , Xuan Song