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The Directed Steiner Tree (DST) problem is defined on a directed graph $G=(V,E)$, where we are given a designated root vertex $r$ and a set of $k$ terminals $K \subseteq V \setminus {r}$. The goal is to find a minimum-cost subgraph that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Bundit Laekhanukit

In the Directed Steiner Tree (DST) problem we are given an $n$-vertex directed edge-weighted graph, a root $r$, and a collection of $k$ terminal nodes. Our goal is to find a minimum-cost arborescence that contains a directed path from $r$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Fabrizio Grandoni , Bundit Laekhanukit , Shi Li

In this paper, we study a survivable network design problem on directed graphs, 2-Connected Directed Steiner Tree (2-DST): given an $n$-vertex weighted directed graph, a root $r$, and a set of $h$ terminals $S$, find a min-cost subgraph $H$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Fabrizio Grandoni , Bundit Laekhanukit

In the k-edge connected directed Steiner tree (k-DST) problem, we are given a directed graph G on n vertices with edge-costs, a root vertex r, a set of h terminals T and an integer k. The goal is to find a min-cost subgraph H of G that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Bundit Laekhanukit

We consider Directed Steiner Forest (DSF), a fundamental problem in network design. The input to DSF is a directed edge-weighted graph $G = (V, E)$ and a collection of vertex pairs $\{(s_i, t_i)\}_{i \in [k]}$. The goal is to find a minimum…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Chandra Chekuri , Rhea Jain

We consider the k-outconnected directed Steiner tree problem (k-DST). Given a directed edge-weighted graph $G=(V,E,w)$, where $V=\{r\}\cup S \cup T$, and an integer $k$, the goal is to find a minimum cost subgraph of $G$ in which there are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Sarel Cohen , Lior Kamma , Aikaterini Niklanovits

In the k-Connected Directed Steiner Tree problem (k-DST), we are given a directed graph G=(V, E) with edge (or vertex) costs, a root vertex r, a set of q terminals T, and a connectivity requirement k>0; the goal is to find a minimum-cost…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Chun-Hsiang Chan , Bundit Laekhanukit , Hao-Ting Wei , Yuhao Zhang

In the Directed Steiner Tree (DST) problem, we are given a directed graph $G=(V,E)$ on $n$ vertices with edge-costs $c \in \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}^E$, a root vertex $r \in V$, and a set $K \subseteq V \setminus \{r\}$ of $k$ terminals. The goal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Shi Li , Bundit Laekhanukit

The goal for the Directed Steiner Tree problem is to find a minimum cost tree in a directed graph G=(V,E) that connects all terminals X to a given root r. It is well known that modulo a logarithmic factor it suffices to consider acyclic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-06-13 Thomas Rothvoß

Directed Steiner Tree (DST) is a central problem in combinatorial optimization and theoretical computer science: Given a directed graph $G=(V, E)$ with edge costs $c \in \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}^E$, a root $r \in V$ and $k$ terminals $K\subseteq…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Xiangyu Guo , Guy Kortsarz , Bundit Laekhanukit , Shi Li , Daniel Vaz , Jiayi Xian

We present an $O(\log k)$-approximation for both the edge-weighted and node-weighted versions of \DST in planar graphs where $k$ is the number of terminals. We extend our approach to \MDST (in general graphs \MDST and \DST are easily seen…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Zachary Friggstad , Ramin Mousavi

We consider the following general network design problem on directed graphs. The input is an asymmetric metric $(V,c)$, root $r^{*}\in V$, monotone submodular function $f:2^V\rightarrow \mathbb{R}_+$ and budget $B$. The goal is to find an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Rohan Ghuge , Viswanath Nagarajan

We study the Directed Steiner Tree (DST) problem in layered graphs through a simple path-based linear programming relaxation. This relaxation achieves an integrality gap of O(l log k), where k is the number of terminals and l is the number…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Kanstantsin Pashkovich , Marta Pozzi , Laura Sanità

We introduce and study a novel problem of computing a shortest path tree with a minimum number of non-terminals. It can be viewed as an (unweighted) Steiner Shortest Path Tree (SSPT) that spans a given set of terminal vertices by shortest…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Omer Asher , Yefim Dinitz , Shlomi Dolev , Li-on Raviv , Baruch Schieber

For a given graph $G=(V,\, E)$ with a terminal set $S$ and a selected root $r\in S$, a positive integer cost and a delay on every edge and a delay constraint $D\in Z^{+}$, the shallow-light Steiner tree (\emph{SLST}) problem is to compute a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-09-04 Longkun Guo , Kewen Liao

We introduce a new Steiner-type problem for directed graphs named \textsc{$q$-Root Steiner Tree}. Here one is given a directed graph $G=(V,A)$ and two subsets of its vertices, $R$ of size $q$ and $T$, and the task is to find a minimum size…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-04-19 Ondřej Suchý

In length-constrained minimum spanning tree (MST) we are given an $n$-node graph $G = (V,E)$ with edge weights $w : E \to \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$ and edge lengths $l: E \to \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$ along with a root node $r \in V$ and a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-12 D Ellis Hershkowitz , Richard Z Huang

In the $k$-connected directed Steiner tree problem ($k$-DST), we are given an $n$-vertex directed graph $G=(V,E)$ with edge costs, a connectivity requirement $k$, a root $r\in V$ and a set of terminals $T\subseteq V$. The goal is to find a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Chao Liao , Qingyun Chen , Bundit Laekhanukit , Yuhao Zhang

A spanning tree $T$ of graph $G$ is a $\rho$-approximate universal Steiner tree (UST) for root vertex $r$ if, for any subset of vertices $S$ containing $r$, the cost of the minimal subgraph of $T$ connecting $S$ is within a $\rho$ factor of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Costas Busch , Da Qi Chen , Arnold Filtser , Daniel Hathcock , D Ellis Hershkowitz , Rajmohan Rajaraman

In the classical Steiner tree problem, given an undirected, connected graph $G=(V,E)$ with non-negative edge costs and a set of \emph{terminals} $T\subseteq V$, the objective is to find a minimum-cost tree $E' \subseteq E$ that spans the…

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