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The deployment of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has brought forth a unique vulnerability: susceptibility to malicious attacks through visual inputs. This paper investigates the novel challenge of defending MLLMs against such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Renjie Pi , Tianyang Han , Jianshu Zhang , Yueqi Xie , Rui Pan , Qing Lian , Hanze Dong , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

Cybersecurity threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated, making traditional defense mechanisms and manual red teaming approaches insufficient for modern organizations. While red teaming has long been recognized as an effective method…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Shruti Srivastava , Kiranmayee Janardhan , Shaurya Jauhari

Large Language Models (LLMs) have greatly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly through instruction tuning, which enables broad task generalization without additional fine-tuning. However, their reliance on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 San Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

Recently, people have suffered from LLM hallucination and have become increasingly aware of the reliability gap of LLMs in open and knowledge-intensive tasks. As a result, they have increasingly turned to search-augmented LLMs to mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yu Yan , Sheng Sun , Mingfeng Li , Zheming Yang , Chiwei Zhu , Fei Ma , Benfeng Xu , Min Liu , Qi Li

The rapid advancement of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has demonstrated promising results for various code-related tasks. However, their effectiveness in detecting real-world vulnerabilities remains a critical challenge. While existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Youpeng Li , Weiliang Qi , Xuyu Wang , Fuxun Yu , Xinda Wang

We present the design process and findings of the pre-conference workshop at the Machine Learning for Healthcare Conference (2024) entitled Red Teaming Large Language Models for Healthcare, which took place on August 15, 2024. Conference…

Ensuring safety alignment is a critical requirement for large language models (LLMs), particularly given increasing deployment in real-world applications. Despite considerable advancements, LLMs remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xin Yi , Yue Li , Dongsheng Shi , Linlin Wang , Xiaoling Wang , Liang He

While prior red-teaming efforts have focused on eliciting harmful text outputs from large language models (LLMs), such approaches fail to capture agent-specific vulnerabilities that emerge through multi-step tool execution, particularly in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Hyomin Lee , Sangwoo Park , Yumin Choi , Sohyun An , Seanie Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have emerged as a promising solution to mitigate LLM hallucinations and enhance their performance in knowledge-intensive domains. However, these systems are vulnerable to adversarial poisoning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Jinyan Su , Jin Peng Zhou , Zhengxin Zhang , Preslav Nakov , Claire Cardie

Collaborative learning allows multiple clients to train a joint model without sharing their data with each other. Each client performs training locally and then submits the model updates to a central server for aggregation. Since the server…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Lingchen Zhao , Shengshan Hu , Qian Wang , Jianlin Jiang , Chao Shen , Xiangyang Luo , Pengfei Hu

The rapid advancement of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has brought their safety vulnerabilities into sharp focus. However, existing red teaming methods are fundamentally constrained by an inherent linear exploration paradigm, confining them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Chunxiao Li , Lijun Li , Jing Shao

While recent automated red-teaming methods show promise for systematically exposing model vulnerabilities, most existing approaches rely on human-specified workflows. This dependence on manually designed workflows suffers from human biases…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jiayi Yuan , Jonathan Nöther , Natasha Jaques , Goran Radanović

As large language models (LLMs) continue to evolve, their potential use in automating cyberattacks becomes increasingly likely. With capabilities such as reconnaissance, exploitation, and command execution, LLMs could soon become integral…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Daniel Ayzenshteyn , Roy Weiss , Yisroel Mirsky

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed and integrated into thousands of applications, the need for scalable evaluation of how models respond to adversarial attacks grows rapidly. However, LLM security is a moving target: models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Leon Derczynski , Erick Galinkin , Jeffrey Martin , Subho Majumdar , Nanna Inie

Jailbreaking is an emerging adversarial attack that bypasses the safety alignment deployed in off-the-shelf large language models (LLMs). A considerable amount of research exists proposing more effective jailbreak attacks, including the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Yang Liu , Ning Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence and machine learning through their advanced text processing and generating capabilities. However, their widespread deployment has raised significant safety and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jing Cui , Yishi Xu , Zhewei Huang , Shuchang Zhou , Jianbin Jiao , Junge Zhang

Recently, red teaming, with roots in security, has become a key evaluative approach to ensure the safety and reliability of Generative Artificial Intelligence. However, most existing work emphasizes technical benchmarks and attack success…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Adriana Alvarado Garcia , Ruyuan Wan , Ozioma C. Oguine , Karla Badillo-Urquiola

Large language models (LLMs) have been used in many application domains, including cyber security. The application of LLMs in the cyber security domain presents significant opportunities, such as for enhancing threat analysis and malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Adel ElZemity , Budi Arief , Shujun Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated immense utility across various industries. However, as LLMs advance, the risk of harmful outputs increases due to incorrect or malicious instruction prompts. While current methods effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Xinyi Zeng , Yuying Shang , Jiawei Chen , Jingyuan Zhang , Yu Tian

Ensuring robust safety alignment is crucial for Large Language Models (LLMs), yet existing defenses often lag behind evolving adversarial attacks due to their \textbf{reliance on static, pre-collected data distributions}. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xiaoyu Wen , Zhida He , Han Qi , Ziyu Wan , Zhongtian Ma , Ying Wen , Tianhang Zheng , Xingcheng Xu , Chaochao Lu , Qiaosheng Zhang