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Protein inverse folding, the design of an amino acid sequence based on a target protein structure, is a fundamental problem of computational protein engineering. Existing methods either generate sequences without leveraging external…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-10 Jin Han , Tianfan Fu , Wu-Jun Li

We devise an approach for targeted molecular design, a problem of interest in computational drug discovery: given a target protein site, we wish to generate a chemical with both high binding affinity to the target and satisfactory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Tristan Aumentado-Armstrong

Artificial intelligence models have shown great potential in structure-based drug design, generating ligands with high binding affinities. However, existing models have often overlooked a crucial physical constraint: atoms must maintain a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-01 Shengchao Liu , Divin Yan , Weitao Du , Weiyang Liu , Zhuoxinran Li , Hongyu Guo , Christian Borgs , Jennifer Chayes , Anima Anandkumar

The conformational landscape of proteins is crucial to understanding their functionality in complex biological processes. Traditional physics-based computational methods, such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, suffer from rare event…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-25 Yan Wang , Lihao Wang , Yuning Shen , Yiqun Wang , Huizhuo Yuan , Yue Wu , Quanquan Gu

Goal-directed molecular generation requires satisfying heterogeneous constraints such as protein--ligand compatibility and multi-objective drug-like properties, yet existing methods often optimize these constraints in isolation, failing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yanting Li , Zhuoyang Jiang , Enyan Dai , Lei Wang , Wen-Cai Ye , Li Liu

Is there a unified model for generating molecules considering different conditions, such as binding pockets and chemical properties? Although target-aware generative models have made significant advances in drug design, they do not consider…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Zhangyang Gao , Yuqi Hu , Cheng Tan , Stan Z. Li

In this work, we introduce AutoFragDiff, a fragment-based autoregressive diffusion model for generating 3D molecular structures conditioned on target protein structures. We employ geometric vector perceptrons to predict atom types and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-12 Mahdi Ghorbani , Leo Gendelev , Paul Beroza , Michael J. Keiser

Discrete diffusion models generate sequences by iteratively denoising samples corrupted by categorical noise, offering an appealing alternative to autoregressive decoding for structured and symbolic generation. However, standard training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Huu Binh Ta , Michael Cardei , Alvaro Velasquez , Ferdinando Fioretto

Designing de novo 3D molecules with desirable properties remains a fundamental challenge in drug discovery and molecular engineering. While diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating high-quality 3D molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Lianghong Chen , Dongkyu Eugene Kim , Mike Domaratzki , Pingzhao Hu

Diffusion and flow-based models have enabled significant progress in generation tasks across various modalities and have recently found applications in predictive learning. However, unlike typical generation tasks that encourage sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yu Zhang , Xingzhuo Guo , Haoran Xu , Jialong Wu , Mingsheng Long

As a prominent challenge in addressing real-world issues within a dynamic environment, label shift, which refers to the learning setting where the source (training) and target (testing) label distributions do not match, has recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Ruidong Fan , Xiao Ouyang , Hong Tao , Yuhua Qian , Chenping Hou

Designing protein binders targeting specific sites, which requires to generate realistic and functional interaction patterns, is a fundamental challenge in drug discovery. Current structure-based generative models are limited in generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zishen Zhang , Xiangzhe Kong , Wenbing Huang , Yang Liu

Inverse protein folding, the process of designing sequences that fold into a specific 3D structure, is crucial in bio-engineering and drug discovery. Traditional methods rely on experimentally resolved structures, but these cover only a…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-27 Igor Melnyk , Aurelie Lozano , Payel Das , Vijil Chenthamarakshan

In the past decade, Artificial Intelligence driven drug design and discovery has been a hot research topic, where an important branch is molecule generation by generative models, from GAN-based models and VAE-based models to the latest…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-10 Siyuan Guo , Jihong Guan , Shuigeng Zhou

Diffusion models have become prevalent in generative modeling due to their ability to sample from complex distributions. To improve the quality of generated samples and their compliance with user requirements, two commonly used methods are:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shervin Khalafi , Ignacio Hounie , Dongsheng Ding , Alejandro Ribeiro

Structure-based drug design aims at generating high affinity ligands with prior knowledge of 3D target structures. Existing methods either use conditional generative model to learn the distribution of 3D ligands given target binding sites,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-18 Yuwei Yang , Siqi Ouyang , Xueyu Hu , Mingyue Zheng , Hao Zhou , Lei Li

Predicting drug-target affinity is fundamental to virtual screening and lead optimization. However, existing deep models often suffer from representation collapse in stringent cold-start regimes, where the scarcity of labels and domain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-13 Yining Qian , Pengjie Wang , Yixiao Li , An-Yang Lu , Cheng Tan , Shuang Li , Lijun Liu

Molecule generation is a very important practical problem, with uses in drug discovery and material design, and AI methods promise to provide useful solutions. However, existing methods for molecule generation focus either on 2D graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Chenqing Hua , Sitao Luan , Minkai Xu , Rex Ying , Jie Fu , Stefano Ermon , Doina Precup

Recently, machine learning has made a significant impact on de novo drug design. However, current approaches to creating novel molecules conditioned on a target protein typically rely on generating molecules directly in the 3D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Elbert Ho

Synthetic Electronic Health Record (EHR) time-series generation is crucial for advancing clinical machine learning models, as it helps address data scarcity by providing more training data. However, most existing approaches focus primarily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Bowen Deng , Chang Xu , Hao Li , Yuhao Huang , Min Hou , Jiang Bian