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Offline optimization aims to maximize a black-box objective function with a static dataset and has wide applications. In addition to the objective function being black-box and expensive to evaluate, numerous complex real-world problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Ke Xue , Rong-Xi Tan , Xiaobin Huang , Chao Qian

Flow-based generative models, including diffusion models, excel at modeling continuous distributions in high-dimensional spaces. In this work, we introduce Flow Policy Optimization (FPO), a simple on-policy reinforcement learning algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 David McAllister , Songwei Ge , Brent Yi , Chung Min Kim , Ethan Weber , Hongsuk Choi , Haiwen Feng , Angjoo Kanazawa

Recent work has demonstrated the effectiveness of formulating decision making as supervised learning on offline-collected trajectories. Powerful sequence models, such as GPT or BERT, are often employed to encode the trajectories. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zilai Zeng , Ce Zhang , Shijie Wang , Chen Sun

Gasoline blending scheduling uses resource allocation and operation sequencing to meet a refinery's production requirements. The presence of nonlinearity, integer constraints, and a large number of decision variables adds complexity to this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Wenxuan Fang , Wei Du , Renchu He , Yang Tang , Yaochu Jin , Gary G. Yen

In recent years, generative models have shown remarkable capabilities across diverse fields, including images, videos, language, and decision-making. By applying powerful generative models such as flow-based models to reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jifeng Hu , Sili Huang , Siyuan Guo , Zhaogeng Liu , Li Shen , Lichao Sun , Hechang Chen , Yi Chang , Dacheng Tao

Neural receivers have demonstrated strong performance in wireless communication systems. However, their effectiveness typically depends on access to large-scale, scenario-specific channel data for training, which is often difficult to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xingyu Zhou , Le Liang , Xinjie Li , Jing Zhang , Peiwen Jiang , Xiao Li , Shi Jin

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) refers to the problem of learning policies entirely from a large batch of previously collected data. This problem setting offers the promise of utilizing such datasets to acquire policies without any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Tianhe Yu , Garrett Thomas , Lantao Yu , Stefano Ermon , James Zou , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn , Tengyu Ma

A key barrier to using reinforcement learning (RL) in many real-world applications is the requirement of a large number of system interactions to learn a good control policy. Off-policy and Offline RL methods have been proposed to reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Wenqi Cui , Linbin Huang , Weiwei Yang , Baosen Zhang

Black-box optimization (BBO) has become increasingly relevant for tackling complex decision-making problems, especially in public policy domains such as police redistricting. However, its broader application in public policymaking is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-23 Wenqian Xing , JungHo Lee , Chong Liu , Shixiang Zhu

The use of guidance to steer sampling toward desired outcomes has been widely explored within diffusion models, especially in applications such as image and trajectory generation. However, incorporating guidance during training remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Marvin Alles , Nutan Chen , Patrick van der Smagt , Botond Cseke

Generative policies based on expressive model classes, such as diffusion and flow matching, are well-suited to complex control problems with highly multimodal action distributions. Their expressivity, however, comes at a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Christos Ziakas , Alessandra Russo , Avishek Joey Bose

Constructing robots to accomplish long-horizon tasks is a long-standing challenge within artificial intelligence. Approaches using generative methods, particularly Diffusion Models, have gained attention due to their ability to model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Sigmund Hennum Høeg , Aksel Vaaler , Chaoqi Liu , Olav Egeland , Yilun Du

Modern generative models for limit order books (LOBs) can reproduce realistic market dynamics, but remain fundamentally passive: they either model what typically happens without accounting for hypothetical future market conditions, or they…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-04 Zhuohan Wang , Carmine Ventre

Deep generative models (DGMs) have demonstrated great success across various domains, particularly in generating texts, images, and videos using models trained from offline data. Similarly, data-driven decision-making and robotic control…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jiayu Chen , Bhargav Ganguly , Yang Xu , Yongsheng Mei , Tian Lan , Vaneet Aggarwal

Diffusion-based generative models are emerging as powerful tools for long-horizon planning in reinforcement learning (RL), particularly with offline datasets. However, their performance is fundamentally limited by the quality and diversity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Kyowoon Lee , Jaesik Choi

Model-based offline optimization with dynamics-aware policy provides a new perspective for policy learning and out-of-distribution generalization, where the learned policy could adapt to different dynamics enumerated at the training stage.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Chengxing Jia , Hao Yin , Chenxiao Gao , Tian Xu , Lei Yuan , Zongzhang Zhang , Yang Yu

Black-box optimization (BBO) involves functions that are unknown, inexact and/or expensive-to-evaluate. Existing BBO algorithms face several challenges, including high computational cost from extensive evaluations, difficulty in handling…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-26 Zixuan Zhang , Xiaowei Song , Jiaming Li , Yujiao Zeng , Yaling Nie , Min Zhu , Dongyun Lu , Yibo Zhang , Xin Xiao , Jie Li

Creating large-scale datasets for training high-performance generative models is often prohibitively expensive, especially when associated attributes or annotations must be provided. As a result, merging existing datasets has become a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-31 Yanfeng Yang , Kenji Fukumizu

Existing NAS methods suffer from either an excessive amount of time for repetitive sampling and training of many task-irrelevant architectures. To tackle such limitations of existing NAS methods, we propose a paradigm shift from NAS to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Sohyun An , Hayeon Lee , Jaehyeong Jo , Seanie Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Despite recent advances, goal-directed generation of structured discrete data remains challenging. For problems such as program synthesis (generating source code) and materials design (generating molecules), finding examples which satisfy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Amina Mollaysa , Brooks Paige , Alexandros Kalousis