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Multimodal document retrieval aims to identify and retrieve various forms of multimodal content, such as figures, tables, charts, and layout information from extensive documents. Despite its increasing popularity, there is a notable lack of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Kuicai Dong , Yujing Chang , Xin Deik Goh , Dexun Li , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

Visual-language models (VLMs) excel at data mappings, but real-world document heterogeneity and unstructuredness disrupt the consistency of cross-modal embeddings. Recent late-interaction methods enhance image-text alignment through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Weiqing Li , Jinyue Guo , Yaqi Wang , Haiyang Xiao , Yuewei Zhang , Guohua Liu , Hao Henry Wang

Current vision-language models (VLMs) still exhibit inferior performance on knowledge-intensive tasks, primarily due to the challenge of accurately encoding all the associations between visual objects and scenes to their corresponding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Jingyuan Qi , Zhiyang Xu , Rulin Shao , Yang Chen , Jin Di , Yu Cheng , Qifan Wang , Lifu Huang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising technique for mitigating two key limitations of large language models (LLMs): outdated information and hallucinations. RAG system stores documents as embedding vectors in a database. Given…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Taehee Jeong , Xingzhe Zhao , Peizu Li , Markus Valvur , Weihua Zhao

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have achieved impressive progress in vision-language understanding, yet they face limitations in real-world applications requiring complex reasoning over a large number of images. Existing benchmarks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Jun Chen , Dannong Xu , Junjie Fei , Chun-Mei Feng , Mohamed Elhoseiny

In this paper, we propose Conceptual Codebook Learning (CoCoLe), a novel fine-tuning method for vision-language models (VLMs) to address the challenge of improving the generalization capability of VLMs while fine-tuning them on downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yi Zhang , Ke Yu , Siqi Wu , Zhihai He

Multimodal approaches have shown great promise for searching and navigating digital collections held by libraries, archives, and museums. In this paper, we introduce map-RAS: a retrieval-augmented search system for historic maps. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Jamie Mahowald , Benjamin Charles Germain Lee

Document parsing is a fine-grained task where image resolution significantly impacts performance. While advanced research leveraging vision-language models benefits from high-resolution input to boost model performance, this often leads to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Cheng Cui , Ting Sun , Suyin Liang , Tingquan Gao , Zelun Zhang , Jiaxuan Liu , Xueqing Wang , Changda Zhou , Hongen Liu , Manhui Lin , Yue Zhang , Yubo Zhang , Jing Zhang , Jun Zhang , Xing Wei , Yi Liu , Dianhai Yu , Yanjun Ma

Visually rich documents (VRDs) challenge retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with layout-dependent semantics, brittle OCR, and evidence spread across complex figures and structured tables. This survey examines how Multimodal Large Language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xiantao Zhang

Multi-modal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a critical method for empowering LLMs by leveraging candidate visual documents. However, current methods consider the entire document as the basic retrieval unit, introducing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yinglu Li , Zhiying Lu , Zhihang Liu , Yiwei Sun , Chuanbin Liu , Hongtao Xie

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a core paradigm in document question answering tasks. However, existing methods have limitations when dealing with multimodal documents: one category of methods relies on layout analysis and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Wang Chen , Wenhan Yu , Guanqiang Qi , Weikang Li , Yang Li , Lei Sha , Deguo Xia , Jizhou Huang

Large vision language models (LVLMs) have improved the document understanding capabilities remarkably, enabling the handling of complex document elements, longer contexts, and a wider range of tasks. However, existing document understanding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Chao Deng , Jiale Yuan , Pi Bu , Peijie Wang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Jian Xu , Xiao-Hui Li , Yuan Gao , Jun Song , Bo Zheng , Cheng-Lin Liu

Text-to-image retrieval is a fundamental task in vision-language learning, yet in real-world scenarios it is often challenged by short and underspecified user queries. Such queries are typically only one or two words long, rendering them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jianglin Lu , Simon Jenni , Kushal Kafle , Jing Shi , Handong Zhao , Yun Fu

Visual Document Retrieval (VDR), the task of retrieving visually-rich document pages using queries that combine visual and textual cues, is crucial for numerous real-world applications. Recent state-of-the-art methods leverage Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yibo Yan , Guangwei Xu , Xin Zou , Shuliang Liu , James Kwok , Xuming Hu

Search engines enable the retrieval of unknown information with texts. However, traditional methods fall short when it comes to understanding unfamiliar visual content, such as identifying an object that the model has never seen before.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zhixin Zhang , Yiyuan Zhang , Xiaohan Ding , Xiangyu Yue

Computer science texts are particularly rich in both narrative content and illustrative charts, algorithms, images, annotated diagrams, etc. This study explores the extent to which vector-based multimodal retrieval, powered by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Beth Plale , Sai Navya Jyesta , Sachith Withana

Information Retrieval (IR) methods aim to identify documents relevant to a query, which have been widely applied in various natural language tasks. However, existing approaches typically consider only the textual content within documents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jaewoo Lee , Joonho Ko , Jinheon Baek , Soyeong Jeong , Sung Ju Hwang

Composed video retrieval (CoVR) is a challenging problem in computer vision which has recently highlighted the integration of modification text with visual queries for more sophisticated video search in large databases. Existing works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Omkar Thawakar , Muzammal Naseer , Rao Muhammad Anwer , Salman Khan , Michael Felsberg , Mubarak Shah , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Product retrieval is of great importance in the ecommerce domain. This paper introduces our 1st-place solution in eBay eProduct Visual Search Challenge (FGVC9), which is featured for an ensemble of about 20 models from vision models and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Wenhao Wang , Yifan Sun , Zongxin Yang , Yi Yang

Document Visual Question Answering (Document VQA) must cope with documents that span dozens of pages, yet leading systems still concatenate every page or rely on very large vision-language models, both of which are memory-hungry.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Eric López , Artemis Llabrés , Ernest Valveny