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Modern phishing campaigns increasingly evade snapshot-based URL classifiers using interaction gates (e.g., checkbox/slider challenges), delayed content rendering, and logo-less credential harvesters. This shifts URL triage from static…
The Uniform Resource Locator (URL), introduced in a connectivity-first era to define access and locate resources, remains historically limited, lacking future-proof mechanisms for security, trust, or resilience against fraud and abuse,…
Spam emails are unsolicited, annoying and sometimes harmful messages which may contain malware, phishing or hoaxes. Unlike most studies that address the design of efficient anti-spam filters, we approach the spam email problem from a…
Despite a large amount of effort devoted in the past years trying to limit unsolicited mail, spam is still a major global concern. Content-analysis techniques and blacklists, the most popular methods used to identify and block spam, are…
Security exploits can include cyber threats such as computer programs that can disturb the normal behavior of computer systems (viruses), unsolicited e-mail (spam), malicious software (malware), monitoring software (spyware), attempting to…
We propose EFPIX (Encrypted Flood Protocol for Information eXchange), a flood-based relay communication protocol that achieves end-to-end encryption, plausible deniability for users, and untraceable messages while hiding metadata, such as…
The increase in the number of phishing demands innovative solutions to safeguard users from phishing attacks. This study explores the development and utilization of a real-time browser extension integrated with machine learning model to…
Unsolicited bulk email (aka. spam) is a major problem on the Internet. To counter spam, several techniques, ranging from spam filters to mail protocol extensions like hashcash, have been proposed. In this paper we investigate the…
Malicious websites are responsible for a majority of the cyber-attacks and scams today. Malicious URLs are delivered to unsuspecting users via email, text messages, pop-ups or advertisements. Clicking on or crawling such URLs can result in…
Phishing attacks, typically carried out by email, remain a significant cybersecurity threat with attackers creating legitimate-looking websites to deceive recipients into revealing sensitive information or executing harmful actions. In this…
Phishing and related cyber threats are becoming more varied and technologically advanced. Among these, email-based phishing remains the most dominant and persistent threat. These attacks exploit human vulnerabilities to disseminate malware…
Every day, internet thieves employ new ways to obtain personal identity people and get access to their personal information. Phishing is a somehow complex method that has recently been considered by internet thieves.The present study aims…
Phishing is a critical cyber threat, exploiting deceptive tactics to compromise victims and cause significant financial losses. While reference-based phishing detectors (RBPDs) have achieved notable advancements in detection accuracy, their…
We examined the influence of three social engineering strategies on users' judgments of how safe it is to click on a link in an email. The three strategies examined were authority, scarcity and social proof, and the emails were either…
The escalating sophistication of phishing emails necessitates a shift beyond traditional rule-based and conventional machine-learning-based detectors. Although large language models (LLMs) offer strong natural language understanding, using…
Today, people use email services such as Gmail, Outlook, AOL Mail, etc. to communicate with each other as quickly as possible to send information and official letters. Spam or junk mail is a major challenge to this type of communication,…
The popularity, cost-effectiveness and ease of information exchange that electronic mails offer to electronic device users has been plagued with the rising number of unsolicited or spam emails. Driven by the need to protect email users from…
Internet technology is so pervasive today, for example, from online social networking to online banking, it has made people's lives more comfortable. Due the growth of Internet technology, security threats to systems and networks are…
Phishing websites are a common phenomenon among Tor onion services, and phishers exploit that it is tremendously difficult to distinguish phishing from authentic onion domain names. Operators of onion services devised several strategies to…
Corporate mail services are designed to perform better than public mail services. Fast mail delivery, large size file transfer as an attachments, high level spam and virus protection, commercial advertisement free environment are some of…