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Using hydraulic models in control design in district heating networks can increase pumping efficiency and reduce sensitivity to hydraulic bottlenecks. These models are usually white-box, as they are obtained based on full knowledge of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-04 Felix Agner , Pauline Kergus , Richard Pates , Anders Rantzer

District heating networks are an integral part of the energy system in many countries. In future smart energy systems, they are expected to enhance energy flexibility and support the integration of renewable and waste energy sources. An…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Ask Hällström , Felix Agner , Richard Pates

At high latitudes, many cities adopt a centralized heating system to improve the energy generation efficiency and to reduce pollution. In multi-tier systems, so-called district heating, there are a few efficient approaches for the flow rate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-12 Tinghao Zhang , Jing Luo , Ping Chen , Jie Liu

Intelligent operation of thermal energy networks aims to improve energy efficiency, reliability, and operational flexibility through data-driven control, predictive optimization, and early fault detection. Achieving these goals relies on…

The 4th generation of district heating systems face a potential problem where lowered water temperatures lead to higher flow rates, which requires higher hydraulic capacity in terms of pipe and pump sizes. This increases the effect of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-22 Felix Agner , Pauline Kergus , Richard Pates , Anders Rantzer

High-quality data is a prerequisite for training reliable Artificial Intelligence (AI) models in the energy domain. In district heating networks, sensor and metering data often suffer from noise, missing values, and temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Kristoffer Christensen , Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen , Zheng Grace Ma

This work concerns reduction of the peak flow rate of a district heating grid, a key system property which is bounded by pipe dimensions and pumping capacity. The peak flow rate constrains the number of additional consumers that can be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Felix Agner , Ulrich Trabert , Anders Rantzer , Janybek Orozaliev

We examine the modeling, simulation, and optimization of district heating systems, which are widely used for thermal transport using steam or hot water as a carrier. We propose a generalizable framework to specify network models and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-30 Sai Krishna K. Hari , Anatoly Zlotnik , Shriram Srinivasan , Kaarthik Sundar , Mary Ewers

District heating is an important component in the EU strategy to reach the set emission goals, since it allows an efficient supply of heat while using the advantages of sector coupling between different energy carriers such as power, heat,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Daniela Guericke , Amos Schledorn , Henrik Madsen

We propose an adaptive optimization algorithm for operating district heating networks in a stationary regime. The behavior of hot water flow in the pipe network is modeled using the incompressible Euler equations and a suitably chosen…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-05 Hannes Dänschel , Volker Mehrmann , Marius Roland , Martin Schmidt

In the present paper a detailed mathematical model is derived for district heating networks. After semidiscretization of the convective heat equation and introducing coupling conditions at the nodes of the network one gets a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-10 Christian Jäkle , Lena Reichle , Stefan Volkwein

Heat, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems play a critical role in maintaining a comfortable thermal environment and cost approximately 40% of primary energy usage in the building sector. For smart energy management in buildings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Dafang Zhao , Zheng Chen , Zhengmao Li , Xiaolei Yuan , Ittetsu Taniguchi

Robustness and fault-tolerance are desirable properties for hydraulic working machines and field robots. In applications where service personnel do not have easy access to the machine, it is important that the machine can continue its…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Johan Ersfolk , Miika Ahopelto , Wictor Lund , Jonatan Wiik , Marina Waldén , Matti Linjama , Jan Westerholm

District Heating Systems are essential infrastructure for delivering heat to consumers across a geographic region sustainably, yet efficient management relies on optimizing diverse energy sources, such as wood, gas, electricity, and solar,…

We address the problem of temperature regulation and optimal energy sharing in district heating systems (DHSs) where the demand and system parameters are unknown. We propose a temperature regulation scheme that employs data-driven on-policy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Xinyi Yi , Ioannis Lestas

Flow and storage volume regulation is essential for the adequate transport and management of energy resources in district heating systems. In this letter, we propose a novel and suitably tailored -- decentralized -- adaptive control scheme…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-06 Juan E. Machado , Michele Cucuzzella , Nina Pronk , Jacquelien M. A. Scherpen

A fundamental precondition for the secure and efficient operation of district heating networks (DHNs) is a stable hydraulic behavior. However, the ongoing transition towards a sustainable heat supply, especially the rising integration of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-23 Felix Strehle , Juan E. Machado , Michele Cucuzzella , Albertus J. Malan , Jacquelien M. A. Scherpen , Sören Hohmann

District heating systems (DHSs) require coordinated economic dispatch and temperature regulation under uncertain operating conditions. Existing DHS operation strategies often rely on disturbance forecasts and nominal models, so their…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Xinyi Yi , Ioannis Lestas

Numerical simulation models associated with hydraulic engineering take a wide array of data into account to produce predictions: rainfall contribution to the drainage basin (characterized by soil nature, infiltration capacity and moisture),…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Corentin J. Lapeyre , Nicolas Cazard , Pamphile T. Roy , Sophie Ricci , Fabrice Zaoui

An optimized heat pump control for building heating was developed for minimizing CO2 emissions from related electrical power generation. The control is using weather and CO2 emission forecasts as input to a Model Predictive Control (MPC) -…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-12 Kenneth Leerbeck , Peder Bacher , Rune Grønborg , Anna Tveit , Olivier Corradi , Henrik Madsen
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