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Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive achievements in solving a broad range of tasks. Augmented by instruction fine-tuning, LLMs have also been shown to generalize in zero-shot settings as well. However, whether LLMs closely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Noah Lee , Na Min An , James Thorne

Large Language Models (LLMs) effectiveness is usually evaluated by means of benchmarks such as MMLU, ARC-C, or HellaSwag, where questions are presented in their original wording, thus in a fixed, standardized format. However, real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Riccardo Lunardi , Vincenzo Della Mea , Stefano Mizzaro , Kevin Roitero

Large Language Models (LLMs) have grown increasingly powerful, yet ensuring their decisions remain transparent and trustworthy requires self-consistency -- no contradictions in their internal reasoning. Our study reveals that even on simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zhenru Lin , Jiawen Tao , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across various tasks, but their deployment in high-stake domains requires consistent and coherent behavior across multiple rounds of user interaction. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yubo Li , Yidi Miao , Xueying Ding , Ramayya Krishnan , Rema Padman

ChatGPT has gained a huge popularity since its introduction. Its positive aspects have been reported through many media platforms, and some analyses even showed that ChatGPT achieved a decent grade in professional exams, adding extra…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Myeongjun Erik Jang , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Any piece of knowledge is usually expressed in one or a handful of natural languages on the web or in any large corpus. Large Language Models (LLMs) act as a bridge by acquiring knowledge from a source language and making it accessible when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Vihari Piratla , Purvam Jain , Darshan Singh , Partha Talukdar , Trevor Cohn

As large language models (LLMs) gradually become integral tools for problem solving in daily life worldwide, understanding linguistic inequality is becoming increasingly important. Existing research has primarily focused on static analyses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Chenglong Wang , Haoyu Tang , Xiyuan Yang , Yueqi Xie , Jina Suh , Sunayana Sitaram , Junming Huang , Yu Xie , Zhaoya Gong , Xing Xie , Fangzhao Wu

Large language models (LLMs) produce outputs with varying levels of uncertainty, and, just as often, varying levels of correctness; making their practical reliability far from guaranteed. To quantify this uncertainty, we systematically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Christian Hobelsberger , Theresa Winner , Andreas Nawroth , Oliver Mitevski , Anna-Carolina Haensch

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on multilingual tasks. Given its wide range of applications, cross-cultural understanding capability is a crucial competency. However, existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shiwei Guo , Sihang Jiang , Qianxi He , Yanghua Xiao , Jiaqing Liang , Bi Yude , Minggui He , Shimin Tao , Li Zhang

Recently, the fast development of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has significantly advanced NLP tasks by enhancing the capabilities of conversational models. However, the application of LLMs in the recommendation domain has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Junling Liu , Chao Liu , Peilin Zhou , Qichen Ye , Dading Chong , Kang Zhou , Yueqi Xie , Yuwei Cao , Shoujin Wang , Chenyu You , Philip S. Yu

Large Language Models(LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing tasks; however, how to comprehensively and accurately assess their performance becomes an urgent issue to be addressed. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Xiaotian Zhang , Chunyang Li , Yi Zong , Zhengyu Ying , Liang He , Xipeng Qiu

Recent developments in multimodal methodologies have marked the beginning of an exciting era for models adept at processing diverse data types, encompassing text, audio, and visual content. Models like GPT-4V, which merge computer vision…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Xiang Zhang , Senyu Li , Ning Shi , Bradley Hauer , Zijun Wu , Grzegorz Kondrak , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , Laks V. S. Lakshmanan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generalization capabilities across tasks and languages, revolutionizing natural language processing. This paper investigates the naturally emerging representation alignment in LLMs,…

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved significant breakthroughs, enhancing understanding across text and vision. However, current MLLMs still face challenges in effectively integrating knowledge across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Boyu Jia , Junzhe Zhang , Huixuan Zhang , Xiaojun Wan

Recent efforts have evaluated large language models (LLMs) in areas such as commonsense reasoning, mathematical reasoning, and code generation. However, to the best of our knowledge, no work has specifically investigated the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Xuanfan Ni , Piji Li

Humanitarian organizations face a critical choice: invest in costly commercial APIs or rely on free open-weight models for multilingual human rights monitoring. While commercial systems offer reliability, open-weight alternatives lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Poli Nemkova , Amrit Adhikari , Matthew Pearson , Vamsi Krishna Sadu , Mark V. Albert

Based on the foundation of Large Language Models (LLMs), Multilingual LLMs (MLLMs) have been developed to address the challenges faced in multilingual natural language processing, hoping to achieve knowledge transfer from high-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Yuemei Xu , Ling Hu , Jiayi Zhao , Zihan Qiu , Kexin XU , Yuqi Ye , Hanwen Gu

Cross-lingual consistency should be considered to assess cross-lingual transferability, maintain the factuality of the model knowledge across languages, and preserve the parity of language model performance. We are thus interested in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xi Ai , Mahardika Krisna Ihsani , Min-Yen Kan

Large language models (LLMs) are a promising venue for natural language understanding and generation. However, current LLMs are far from reliable: they are prone to generating non-factual information and, more crucially, to contradicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Diego Calanzone , Stefano Teso , Antonio Vergari

Cross-lingual context retrieval (extracting contextual information in one language based on requests in another) is a fundamental aspect of cross-lingual alignment, but the performance and mechanism of it for large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Changjiang Gao , Hankun Lin , Xin Huang , Xue Han , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang