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Continual instruction tuning enables large language models (LLMs) to learn incrementally while retaining past knowledge, whereas existing methods primarily focus on how to retain old knowledge rather than on selecting which new knowledge to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Peiyi Lin , Fukai Zhang , Kai Niu , Hao Fu

Test-time prompt tuning (TPT) has emerged as a promising technique for adapting large vision-language models (VLMs) to unseen tasks without relying on labeled data. However, the lack of dispersion between textual features can hurt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Shihab Aaqil Ahamed , Udaya S. K. P. Miriya Thanthrige , Ranga Rodrigo , Muhammad Haris Khan

Recent trends in Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) research have been increasingly focusing on advancing beyond general image understanding towards more nuanced, object-level referential comprehension. In this paper, we present and delve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Tongtian Yue , Jie Cheng , Longteng Guo , Xingyuan Dai , Zijia Zhao , Xingjian He , Gang Xiong , Yisheng Lv , Jing Liu

Black-Box prompt optimization methods have emerged as a promising strategy for refining input prompts to better align large language models (LLMs), thereby enhancing their task performance. Although these methods have demonstrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Ziyu Zhou , Yihang Wu , Jingyuan Yang , Zhan Xiao , Rongjun Li

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) improves the reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by allocating additional compute during inference. We conduct a structured survey of TTS methods and categorize them into sampling-based,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Ho-Lam Chung , Teng-Yun Hsiao , Hsiao-Ying Huang , Chunerh Cho , Jian-Ren Lin , Zhang Ziwei , Yun-Nung Chen

Large language models achieve state-of-the-art performance but are increasingly costly to fine-tune. Prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning method that addresses parameter-efficiency by learning prompt embeddings, but these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zijun Wu , Yongchang Hao , Lili Mou

The rapid development in the performance of large language models (LLMs) is accompanied by the escalation of model size, leading to the increasing cost of model training and inference. Previous research has discovered that certain layers in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Fangwei Zhu , Dian Li , Jiajun Huang , Gang Liu , Hui Wang , Zhifang Sui

While pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit impressive representational capabilities for multimodal data, recent studies have revealed their vulnerability to backdoor attacks. To alleviate the threat, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jiawei Kong , Hao Fang , Sihang Guo , Chenxi Qing , Kuofeng Gao , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia , Ke Xu

In conversational AI, personalizing dialogues with persona profiles and contextual understanding is essential. Despite large language models' (LLMs) improved response coherence, effective persona integration remains a challenge. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Qiushi Huang , Xubo Liu , Tom Ko , Bo Wu , Wenwu Wang , Yu Zhang , Lilian Tang

Adapting pre-trained models to open classes is a challenging problem in machine learning. Vision-language models fully explore the knowledge of text modality, demonstrating strong zero-shot recognition performance, which is naturally suited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Zhengqing Gao , Xiang Ao , Xu-Yao Zhang , Cheng-Lin Liu

Current pre-trained vision-language models, such as CLIP, have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot generalization capabilities across various downstream tasks. However, their performance significantly degrades when test inputs exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Junhui Yin , Xinyu Zhang , Lin Wu , Xiaojie Wang

Prompt-based fine-tuning has boosted the performance of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) on few-shot text classification by employing task-specific prompts. Yet, PLMs are unfamiliar with prompt-style expressions during pre-training, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Jianing Wang , Chengyu Wang , Fuli Luo , Chuanqi Tan , Minghui Qiu , Fei Yang , Qiuhui Shi , Songfang Huang , Ming Gao

With the evergrowing sizes of pre-trained models (PTMs), it has been an emerging practice to only provide the inference APIs for users, namely model-as-a-service (MaaS) setting. To adapt PTMs with model parameters frozen, most current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Ganqu Cui , Wentao Li , Ning Ding , Longtao Huang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse domains, due to their strong instruction-following capabilities. This has led to increasing interest in optimizing instructions for black-box LLMs, whose internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jaewon Chu , Seunghun Lee , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Adapting state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 and Gemini for specific tasks is challenging. Due to the opacity in their parameters, embeddings, and even output probabilities, existing fine-tuning adaptation methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Haotian Sun , Yuchen Zhuang , Wei Wei , Chao Zhang , Bo Dai

Large language models have transformed the comprehension and generation of natural language tasks, but they come with substantial memory and computational requirements. Quantization techniques have emerged as a promising avenue for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Amitash Nanda , Sree Bhargavi Balija , Debashis Sahoo

Fine-tuning large pre-trained language models on various downstream tasks with whole parameters is prohibitively expensive. Hence, Parameter-efficient fine-tuning has attracted attention that only optimizes a few task-specific parameters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Zhen-Ru Zhang , Chuanqi Tan , Haiyang Xu , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Songfang Huang

Efficiently fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) for specific tasks presents a considerable challenge in natural language processing. Traditional methods, like prompt or prefix tuning, typically rely on arbitrary tokens for training,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Md. Kowsher , Md. Shohanur Islam Sobuj , Asif Mahmud , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Prakash Bhat

While LLM-based TTS models exhibit zero-shot emotion and speaker cloning, their cloning fidelity and pronunciation clarity degrade on unseen domains. Fine-tuning is essential for adaptation, yet uniform approaches overlook specific…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Tianrui Wang , Meng Ge , Cheng Gong , Chunyu Qiang , Haoyu Wang , Zikang Huang , Yu Jiang , Ye Ni , Yuheng Lu , Xiaobao Wang , Engsiong Chng , Xie Chen , Longbiao Wang , Jianwu Dang

Test suites tend to grow when software evolves, making it often infeasible to execute all test cases with the allocated testing budgets, especially for large software systems. Test suite minimization (TSM) is employed to improve the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Rongqi Pan , Taher A. Ghaleb , Lionel Briand