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As large language models (LLMs) are more frequently used in retrieval-augmented generation pipelines, it is increasingly relevant to study their behavior under knowledge conflicts. Thus far, the role of the source of the retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jakob Schuster , Vagrant Gautam , Katja Markert

With the rise of social media and peer-to-peer networks, users increasingly rely on crowdsourced responses for information and assistance. However, the mechanisms used to rank and promote responses often prioritize and end up biasing in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Teng Ye , Hanson Yan , Xuhuan Huang , Connor Grogan , Walter Yuan , Qiaozhu Mei , Matthew O. Jackson

Large Language Models (LLMs) push the bound-aries in natural language processing and generative AI, driving progress across various aspects of modern society. Unfortunately, the pervasive issue of bias in LLMs responses (i.e., predictions)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Isabela Pereira Gregio , Ian Pons , Anna Helena Reali Costa , Artur Jordão

Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) exhibit self-preference bias when serving as judges, meaning they tend to favor their own responses over those generated by other models. Existing methods typically measure this bias by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zhi-Yuan Chen , Hao Wang , Xinyu Zhang , Enrui Hu , Yankai Lin

Recent advances in large language models have highlighted their potential for personalized recommendation, where accurately capturing user preferences remains a key challenge. Leveraging their strong reasoning and generalization…

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), the academic community has faced unprecedented disruptions, particularly in the realm of academic communication. The primary function of peer review is improving the quality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Wenqing Wu , Chengzhi Zhang , Yi Zhao , Tong Bao

Performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on multiple-choice tasks differs markedly between symbol-based and cloze-style evaluation formats. The observed discrepancies are systematically attributable to task characteristics: natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Joonhak Lee , Sungmok Jung , Jongyeon Park , Jaejin Lee

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) can now be easily adapted for specific business purposes using custom prompts or fine tuning. These customizations are often iteratively re-engineered to improve some aspect of performance, but after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Jennifer Healey , Laurie Byrum , Md Nadeem Akhtar , Moumita Sinha

A common technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) relies on acquiring human preferences by comparing multiple generations conditioned on a fixed context. This method, however, relies solely on pairwise comparisons, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Hritik Bansal , Ashima Suvarna , Gantavya Bhatt , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang , Aditya Grover

Learning from preference feedback has emerged as an essential step for improving the generation quality and performance of modern language models (LMs). Despite its widespread use, the way preference-based learning is applied varies wildly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Hamish Ivison , Yizhong Wang , Jiacheng Liu , Zeqiu Wu , Valentina Pyatkin , Nathan Lambert , Noah A. Smith , Yejin Choi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Deductive coding is a widely used qualitative research method for determining the prevalence of themes across documents. While useful, deductive coding is often burdensome and time consuming since it requires researchers to read, interpret,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Robert Chew , John Bollenbacher , Michael Wenger , Jessica Speer , Annice Kim

Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) improve their performance through self-feedback on certain tasks while degrade on others. We discovered that such a contrary is due to LLM's bias in evaluating their own output. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Wenda Xu , Guanglei Zhu , Xuandong Zhao , Liangming Pan , Lei Li , William Yang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit significant behavioral shifts when they perceive a change from a real-world deployment context to a controlled evaluation setting, a phenomenon known as "evaluation awareness." This discrepancy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Lang Xiong , Nishant Bhargava , Jianhang Hong , Jeremy Chang , Haihao Liu , Vasu Sharma , Kevin Zhu

Software qualities such as usability or reliability are among the strongest determinants of mobile app user satisfaction and constitute a significant portion of online user feedback on software products, making it a valuable source of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Eduard C. Groen , Fabiano Dalpiaz , Martijn van Vliet , Boris Winter , Joerg Doerr , Sjaak Brinkkemper

In this work we present the Consistency-Rebalanced Accuracy (CoRA) metric, improving the reliability of Large Language Model (LLM) scores computed on multiple choice (MC) benchmarks. Our metric explores the response consistency of the LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Paulo Cavalin , Cassia Sanctos , Marcelo Grave , Claudio Pinhanez , Yago Primerano

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks, yet the choice of which model to use often involves a trade-off between performance and cost. More powerful models, though effective, come with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Isaac Ong , Amjad Almahairi , Vincent Wu , Wei-Lin Chiang , Tianhao Wu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , M Waleed Kadous , Ion Stoica

The era of Large Language Models (LLMs) raises new demands for automatic evaluation metrics, which should be adaptable to various application scenarios while maintaining low cost and effectiveness. Traditional metrics for automatic text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Shuqian Sheng , Yi Xu , Tianhang Zhang , Zanwei Shen , Luoyi Fu , Jiaxin Ding , Lei Zhou , Xiaoying Gan , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou

Reliable evaluation of large language models (LLMs) is impeded by two key challenges: objective metrics often fail to reflect human perception of natural language, and exhaustive human labeling is prohibitively expensive. Here, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Kehua Feng , Keyan Ding , Hongzhi Tan , Kede Ma , Zhihua Wang , Shuangquan Guo , Yuzhou Cheng , Ge Sun , Guozhou Zheng , Qiang Zhang , Huajun Chen

Pairwise preference data have played an important role in the alignment of large language models (LLMs). Each sample of such data consists of a prompt, two different responses to the prompt, and a binary label indicating which of the two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhongze Cai , Xiaocheng Li

A standard way to evaluate the abilities of LLM involves presenting a multiple-choice question and selecting the option with the highest logit as the model's predicted answer. However, such a format for evaluating LLMs has limitations,…