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The development of precise atomic clocks has led to many scientific and technological advances that play an increasingly important role in modern society. Shared timing information constitutes a key resource for positioning and navigation…

The combination of optical time transfer and optical clocks opens up the possibility of large-scale free-space networks that connect both ground-based optical clocks and future space-based optical clocks. Such networks promise better tests…

Concerted efforts are underway to establish an infrastructure for a global quantum internet to realise a spectrum of quantum technologies. This will enable more precise sensors, secure communications, and faster data processing. Quantum…

Event synchronisation is a ubiquitous task, with applications ranging from 5G technology to industrial automation and smart power grids. The emergence of quantum communication networks will further increase the demand for precise…

Classical free-space optical (FSO) communication promises massive data throughput rates relative to traditional wireless technologies - an attractive outcome now being pursued in the context of satellite-ground, inter-satellite and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Nicholas Zaunders , Ziqing Wang , Timothy C. Ralph , Ryan Aguinaldo , Robert Malaney

Optical atomic clocks deliver unrivaled precision, yet their size and complexity still confine them to specialized laboratories. Frequency combs provide the crucial optical-to-microwave division needed for clock readout, but conventional…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-12 Andrei Diakonov , Konstantin Khrizman , Liron Stern

High-precision remote clock synchronization is crucial for many classical and quantum network applications. Evaluating options for space-Earth links, we find that traditional solutions may not produce the desired synchronization for low…

The clock synchronization problem is to determine the time difference T between two spatially separated parties. We improve on I. Chuang's quantum clock synchronization algorithm and show that it is possible to obtain T to n bits of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Chris Harrelson , Iordanis Kerenidis

A laser frequency combs is a broad spectrum composed of equidistant narrow lines. Initially invented for frequency metrology, such combs enable new approaches to spectroscopy over broad spectral bandwidths, of particular relevance to…

Optics · Physics 2019-03-01 Nathalie Picqué , Theodor W. Hänsch

We demonstrate the use of an optical frequency comb to coherently control and entangle atomic qubits. A train of off-resonant ultrafast laser pulses is used to efficiently and coherently transfer population between electronic and…

Leveraging the unrivaled performance of optical clocks in applications in fundamental physics beyond the standard model, in geo-sciences, and in astronomy requires comparing the frequency of distant optical clocks truthfully. Meeting this…

Optical frequency combs are utilized in a wide range of optical applications, including atomic clocks, interferometers, and various sensing technologies. They are often generated via four-wave mixing in chip-integrated microring resonators,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Patrick Tritschler , Torsten Ohms , André Zimmermann , Peter Degenfeld-Schonburg

Frequency combs are a spectrum of equally spaced frequency components with very high time-frequency accuracy, which have been widely used in the optical and microwave frequency ranges. We propose the realization of a frequency comb…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Xiyin Ye , Tao Yu

We propose a satellite-based scheme to perform clock synchronization between ground stations spread across the globe using quantum resources. We refer to this as a quantum clock synchronization (QCS) network. Through detailed numerical…

Precision navigation and timing, very-long-baseline interferometry, next-generation communication, sensing, and tests of fundamental physics all require a highly synchronized network of clocks. With the advance of highly-accurate optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 Ronakraj Gosalia , Robert Malaney , Ryan Aguinaldo , Jonathan Green , Peter Brereton

Clock synchronisation relies on time-frequency transfer procedures which involve quantum fields. We use the conformal symmetry of such fields to define as quantum operators the time and frequency exchanged in transfer procedures and to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Marc-Thierry Jaekel , Serge Reynaud

The transfer of high-quality time-frequency signals between remote locations underpins a broad range of applications including precision navigation and timing, the new field of clock-based geodesy, long-baseline interferometry, coherent…

High-precision frequency alignment with classical communication channels is difficult due to noise, propagation delays, and signal degradation. Current optical methods, commonly involving frequency combs, are capable of synchronising clocks…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-12-20 Adam Walton , Benjamin T. H. Varcoe

The accuracies of modern quantum logic clocks have surpassed those of standard atomic fountain clocks. These clocks also provide a greater degree of control, because before and after clock queries, we are able to apply chosen unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-28 Michael Mullan , Emanuel Knill

Over the past several decades, the proliferation of global classical communication networks has transformed various facets of human society. Concurrently, quantum networking has emerged as a dynamic field of research, driven by its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Joseph M. Lukens , Nicholas A. Peters , Bing Qi