Related papers: A comprehensive screening of plasma-facing materia…
Tungsten (W) is a material of choice for the divertor material due to its high melting temperature, thermal conductivity, and sputtering threshold. However, W has a very high brittle-to-ductile transition temperature and at fusion reactor…
Nuclear fusion devices are constantly under the threat of malfunctions coming from the damages of plasma-facing materials due to being affected by thermal heat loads. The frequent heat loads during some transient events in large-scale…
Tungsten (W) is the leading candidate material for plasma-facing components in fusion reactors, yet its upper operational temperature is limited by premature grain growth and recrystallization processes. Irradiation adds further…
Tungsten (W) is widely considered as the most promising plasma facing material (PFM), which will be used in nuclear fusion devices. Due to the transmutation reaction caused by the fusion neutron irradiation, transmutation elements (such as…
One of the challenges in fusion reactors is the discovery of plasma facing materials capable of withstanding extreme conditions, such as radiation damage and high heat flux. Development of fusion materials can be a daunting task since vast…
ITER-like tungsten Langmuir probes (W DLPs) have been installed and tested at the lower divertor horizontal target composed of flat-type components in EAST. Due to the non-active cooling, transient thermal and stress\strain analyses…
Reduction of the peak heat loads on the plasma facing components is essential for the success of the next generation of high fusion power tokamaks such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) 1 . Many present concepts…
A possible design rule for preventing surface damage from thermal transients to solid tungsten armour is proposed and formulated for the plasma facing components (divertor, first wall) of magnetic fusion machines. The rule is based on…
The analysis of the damage on plasma facing materials (PFM), due to its direct interaction with the plasma environment, is needed to build the next generation of nuclear machines, where tungsten has been proposed as a candidate. In this…
Developing materials that can withstand the intense environments of nuclear fusion reactors is critical in developing long-term commercial viability for energy production. Tungsten is the primary candidate as a plasma facing material due to…
Divertor targets in magnetic confinement fusion devices must be designed to handle extreme heat loads. Fast approximation of heat loads with FLARE based on field line reconstruction from an unstructured flux tube mesh is utilized in…
In future nuclear fusion reactors high heat load events, such as edge-localised modes (ELMs), can potentially damage divertor materials and release impurities into the main plasma, limiting plasma performance. The most difficult to handle…
This Roadmap article addresses the critical and multifaceted challenge of plasma-facing component (PFC) damage caused by runaway electrons (REs) in tokamaks, a phenomenon that poses a significant threat to the viability and longevity of…
Dry-wall laser inertial fusion (LIF) chambers will have to withstand strong bursts of fast charged particles which will deposit tens of kJ m$^{-2}$ and implant more than 10$^{18}$ particles m$^{-2}$ in a few microseconds at a repetition…
Over the past decade, dust particulate contamination has increasingly become an area of concern within the fusion research community. In a burning plasma machine design like the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), dust…
It is planned to use atomic processes to spread out most of the heating power over the first wall and side walls to reduce the heat loads on the plasma facing components in ITER to ~ 50 MW. Calculations indicate that there will be 100 MW in…
Divertor plasma detachment is likely needed for the function of magnetically confined nuclear fusion. It greatly reduces the particle and heat flux incident on a target, and thus reduces the sputtering and heat loading on the target. It is…
The European HiPER project aims to demonstrate commercial viability of inertial fusion energy within the following two decades. This goal requires an extensive Research & Development program on materials for different applications (e.g.,…
W-SiC composite material is a promising plasma-facing material candidate alternative to pure W due to the low neutron activation, low impurity radiation, and low tritium diffusivity of SiC while leveraging the high erosion resistance of the…
The divertor in a magnetic confinement fusion reactor is an essential component for power dissipation and particle removal. The FIREFLY package for rapid evaluation of divertor designs is presented as an extension of the FLARE code for…