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With the increasingly widespread adoption of AI in healthcare, maintaining the accuracy and reliability of AI models in clinical practice has become crucial. In this context, we introduce novel methods for monitoring the performance of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Vasantha Kumar Venugopal , Abhishek Gupta , Rohit Takhar , Vidur Mahajan

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly match or surpass human experts in biomedical signal interpretation. However, their effective integration into clinical practice requires more than high predictive accuracy. Clinicians must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Stefan Kraft , Andreas Theissler , Vera Wienhausen-Wilke , Gjergji Kasneci , Hendrik Lensch

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become commonplace to solve routine everyday tasks. Because of the exponential growth in medical imaging data volume and complexity, the workload on radiologists is steadily increasing. We project that the…

Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has led to many promising developments; however, increasingly, AI research is funded by the private sector leading to potential trade-offs between benefits to patients and benefits to industry.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Rina Khan , Annabelle Sauve , Imaan Bayoumi , Amber L. Simpson , Catherine Stinson

A major impediment to successful drug development is the complexity, cost, and scale of clinical trials. The detailed internal structure of clinical trial data can make conventional optimization difficult to achieve. Recent advances in…

Healthcare data are inherently multimodal, including electronic health records (EHR), medical images, and multi-omics data. Combining these multimodal data sources contributes to a better understanding of human health and provides optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Farida Mohsen , Hazrat Ali , Nady El Hajj , Zubair Shah

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision support systems can be highly accurate yet still fail to support users or improve decisions. Existing theories of AI-assisted decision-making focus on calibrating reliance on AI advice, leaving it…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Venkatesh Sivaraman , Eric P. Mason , Mengfan Ellen Li , Jessica Tong , Andrew J. King , Jeremy M. Kahn , Adam Perer

Current evaluations of medical consultation agents often prioritize outcome-oriented tasks, frequently overlooking the end-to-end process integrity and clinical safety essential for real-world practice. While recent interactive benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chuhan Qiao , Jianghua Huang , Daxing Zhao , Ziding Liu , Yanjun Shen , Bing Cheng , Wei Lin , Kai Wu

Novel data sensing and AI technologies are finding practical use in the analysis of crisis resilience, revealing the need to consider how responsible artificial intelligence (AI) practices can mitigate harmful outcomes and protect…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Cheng-Chun Lee , Tina Comes , Megan Finn , Ali Mostafavi

Scientists have long sought to accurately predict outcomes of real-world events before they happen. Can AI systems do so more reliably? We study this question through clinical trial outcome prediction, a high-stakes open challenge even for…

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) are the gold standards for evaluating the efficacy and safety of therapeutic interventions in human subjects. In addition to the pre-specified endpoints, trial participants' experience reveals the time…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Zuotian Li , Xiang Liu , Zelei Cheng , Yingjie Chen , Wanzhu Tu , Jing Su

Artificial intelligence (AI) can automatically delineate lesions on computed tomography (CT) and generate radiology report content, yet progress is limited by the scarcity of publicly available CT datasets with lesion-level annotations. To…

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medical diagnostics necessitates a critical examination of its ethical and practical implications. While the prioritization of diagnostic accuracy, as advocated by Sabuncu et…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Myles Joshua Toledo Tan , Panayiotis V. Benos

Precision medicine is a promising approach for accessible disease diagnosis and personalized intervention planning in high-mortality diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), and chronic illnesses like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ayan Banerjee , Payal Kamboj , Sandeep Gupta

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into judicial decision-making, particularly in pretrial, sentencing, and parole contexts, has generated substantial concerns about transparency, reliability, and accountability.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Arthur Dyevre , Ahmad Shahvaroughi

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are indispensable for establishing the clinical value of medical artificial-intelligence (AI) tools, yet their high cost and long timelines hinder timely validation as new models emerge rapidly. Here, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Michael Nercessian , Wenxin Zhang , Alexander Schubert , Daphne Yang , Maggie Chung , Ahmed Alaa , Adam Yala

Infertility, a pressing global health concern, affects a substantial proportion of individuals worldwide. While advancements in assisted reproductive technology (ART) have offered effective interventions, conventional in vitro…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Xueqiang Ouyang , Jia Wei

Since its renaissance, deep learning has been widely used in various medical imaging tasks and has achieved remarkable success in many medical imaging applications, thereby propelling us into the so-called artificial intelligence (AI) era.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-08 S. Kevin Zhou , Hayit Greenspan , Christos Davatzikos , James S. Duncan , Bram van Ginneken , Anant Madabhushi , Jerry L. Prince , Daniel Rueckert , Ronald M. Summers

Bias in medical artificial intelligence is conventionally viewed as a defect requiring elimination. However, human reasoning inherently incorporates biases shaped by education, culture, and experience, suggesting their presence may be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Farhad Abtahi , Mehdi Astaraki , Fernando Seoane

Clinical trials need to recruit a sufficient number of volunteer patients to demonstrate the statistical power of the treatment (e.g., a new drug) in curing a certain disease. Clinical trial recruitment has a significant impact on trial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Ling Yue , Sixue Xing , Jintai Chen , Tianfan Fu