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The complexity of condensed matter arises from emergent behaviors that cannot be understood by analyzing individual constituents in isolation. While traditional condensed-matter approaches-developed primarily for ideal crystalline…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-09-30 Elisabetta Nocerino

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) constitute a broad set of proteins with few uniting and many diverging properties. IDPs-and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) interspersed between folded domains-are generally characterized as…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-03 Kresten Lindorff-Larsen , Birthe B. Kragelund

Artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of deep learning bears promise for drug discovery and chemical biology, $\textit{e.g.}$, to predict protein structure and molecular bioactivity, plan organic synthesis, and design molecules…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-12-29 Rıza Özçelik , Derek van Tilborg , José Jiménez-Luna , Francesca Grisoni

Disordered proteins and nucleic acids play key roles in cellular function and disease. Here we review recent advances in the computational exploration of the conformational dynamics of flexible biomolecules. We focus on hierarchical chain…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-10-31 Lisa M. Pietrek , Lukas S. Stelzl , Gerhard Hummer

While many good textbooks are available on Protein Structure, Molecular Simulations, Thermodynamics and Bioinformatics methods in general, there is no good introductory level book for the field of Structural Bioinformatics. This book aims…

Numerous cellular functions rely on protein$\unicode{x2013}$protein interactions. Efforts to comprehensively characterize them remain challenged however by the diversity of molecular recognition mechanisms employed within the proteome. Deep…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-08 Julia R. Rogers , Gergő Nikolényi , Mohammed AlQuraishi

Multiple phenotypic protein expressions arising from one genome represent variations in the protein relative abundance and their stoichiometry. A lack of definite compositional parts challenges the modeling of protein megacomplexes and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-24 Jiayi Wang , Jules Nde , Andrei G. Gasic , Jacob Haseley , Margaret S. Cheung

Protein structure determination has long been one of the primary challenges of structural biology, to which deep machine learning (ML)-based approaches have increasingly been applied. However, these ML models generally do not incorporate…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Tom Pan , Evan Dramko , Mitchell D. Miller , Anastasios Kyrillidis , George N. Phillips

Using machine learning, especially deep learning, to facilitate biological research is a fascinating research direction. However, in addition to the standard classification or regression problems, in bioinformatics, we often need to predict…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-08-31 Yu Li

Resolving the structural variability of proteins is often key to understanding the structure-function relationship of those macromolecular machines. Single particle analysis using Cryogenic electron microscopy (CryoEM), combined with…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-22 Muyuan Chen , Bogdan Toader , Roy Lederman

Fueled by breakthrough technology developments, the biological, biomedical, and behavioral sciences are now collecting more data than ever before. There is a critical need for time- and cost-efficient strategies to analyze and interpret…

Chemical disorder, originating from the mixed occupation of crystallographic sites by multiple elements, is widespread in alloys, ceramics, and compositionally complex materials, where short- and long-range orderings can strongly influence…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-05-20 Jiayu Peng , Peichen Zhong

Microbial identification is a central issue in microbiology, in particular in the fields of infectious diseases diagnosis and industrial quality control. The concept of species is tightly linked to the concept of biological and clinical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-25 Kévin Vervier , Pierre Mahé , Jean-Baptiste Veyrieras , Jean-Philippe Vert

Advances in deep learning have opened an era of abundant and accurate predicted protein structures; however, similar progress in protein ensembles has remained elusive. This review highlights several recent research directions towards…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-23 Bowen Jing , Bonnie Berger , Tommi Jaakkola

Characterization of proteins with intrinsic or unfolded state disorder comprises a new frontier in structural biology, requiring the characterization of diverse and dynamic structural ensembles. We introduce a comprehensive Bayesian…

Accurate protein structural ensembles can be determined with metainference, a Bayesian inference method that integrates experimental information with prior knowledge of the system and deals with all sources of uncertainty and errors as well…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-01-24 Thomas Löhr , Carlo Camilloni , Massimiliano Bonomi , Michele Vendruscolo

The structure of proteins is essential for its function. The determination of protein structures is possible by experimental or predicted by computational methods, but also a combination of both approaches is possible. Here, first an…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2020-03-03 Gerhard Mayer

Protein structure prediction models are now capable of generating accurate 3D structural hypotheses from sequence alone. However, they routinely fail to capture the conformational diversity of dynamic biomolecular complexes, often requiring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Rishwanth Raghu , Axel Levy , Gordon Wetzstein , Ellen D. Zhong

It is becoming clear that traditional, single-structure models of proteins are insufficient for understanding their biological function. Here, we outline one method for inferring, from experiments, not only the most common structure a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2014-08-04 Thomas J. Lane , Christian R. Schwantes , Kyle A. Beauchamp , Vijay S. Pande

A protein's function depends critically on its conformational ensemble, a collection of energy weighted structures whose balance depends on temperature and environment. Though recent deep learning (DL) methods have substantially advanced…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-09 Myeongsang Lee , Lauren L. Porter