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We offer a new approach to the information decomposition problem in information theory: given a 'target' random variable co-distributed with multiple 'source' variables, how can we decompose the mutual information into a sum of non-negative…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Nihat Ay , Daniel Polani , Nathaniel Virgo

Pseudo-healthy synthesis is the task of creating a subject-specific `healthy' image from a pathological one. Such images can be helpful in tasks such as anomaly detection and understanding changes induced by pathology and disease. In this…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-21 Tian Xia , Agisilaos Chartsias , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Partial information decomposition (PID) partitions the information that a set of sources has about a target variable into synergistic, unique, and redundant contributions. This information-theoretic tool has recently attracted attention due…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Abdullah Makkeh , Dirk Oliver Theis , Raul Vicente

We develop a data-driven information-theoretic framework for sharp partial identification of causal effects under unmeasured confounding. Existing approaches often rely on restrictive assumptions, such as bounded or discrete outcomes;…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-24 Yonghan Jung , Bogyeong Kang

The study of multimodality has garnered significant interest in fields where the analysis of interactions among multiple information sources can enhance predictive modeling, data fusion, and interpretability. Partial information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Wenyuan Zhao , Adithya Balachandran , Chao Tian , Paul Pu Liang

Deep learning has seen widespread success in various domains such as science, industry, and society. However, it is acknowledged that certain approaches suffer from non-robustness, relying on spurious correlations for predictions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xiaoling Zhou , Wei Ye , Rui Xie , Shikun Zhang

This paper introduces a novel decomposition framework to explain heterogeneity in causal effects observed across different studies, considering both observational and randomized settings. We present a formal decomposition of between-study…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-18 Brian Gilbert , Ivan Dıaz , Kara E. Rudolph , Nicholas Williams , Tat-Thang Vo

One of the fundamental steps toward understanding a complex system is identifying variation at the scale of the system's components that is most relevant to behavior on a macroscopic scale. Mutual information provides a natural means of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Kieran A. Murphy , Dani S. Bassett

Identifying spurious correlations learned by a trained model is at the core of refining a trained model and building a trustworthy model. We present a simple method to identify spurious correlations that have been learned by a model trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Misgina Tsighe Hagos , Kathleen M. Curran , Brian Mac Namee

The partial information decomposition (PID) and its extension integrated information decomposition ($\Phi$ID) are promising frameworks to investigate information phenomena involving multiple variables. An important limitation of these…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Abel Jansma , Pedro A. M. Mediano , Fernando E. Rosas

Current methods for detecting spurious correlations rely on analyzing dataset statistics or error patterns, leaving many harmful shortcuts invisible when counterexamples are absent. We introduce BEE (Bridging Explainability and Embeddings),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Cristian Daniel Păduraru , Antonio Bărbălau , Radu Filipescu , Andrei Liviu Nicolicioiu , Elena Burceanu

Image classification models tend to make decisions based on peripheral attributes of data items that have strong correlation with a target variable (i.e., dataset bias). These biased models suffer from the poor generalization capability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Jungsoo Lee , Eungyeup Kim , Juyoung Lee , Jihyeon Lee , Jaegul Choo

Partial Information Decomposition (PID) represents multivariate mutual information via antichain-lattice that aims to specify which source groups can recover which informational components of a target. For three or more sources, widely…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Aobo Lyu , Andrew Clark , Netanel Raviv

We introduce a comprehensive and statistical framework in a model free setting for a complete treatment of localized data corruptions due to severe noise sources, e.g., an occluder in the case of a visual recording. Within this framework,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-02 Huseyin Ozkan , Ozgun S. Pelvan , Suleyman S. Kozat

This work introduces a novel principle for disentanglement we call mechanism sparsity regularization, which applies when the latent factors of interest depend sparsely on observed auxiliary variables and/or past latent factors. We propose a…

Spurious correlations are everywhere. While humans often do not perceive them, neural networks are notorious for learning unwanted associations, also known as biases, instead of the underlying decision rule. As a result, practitioners are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Moritz Vandenhirtz , Laura Manduchi , Ričards Marcinkevičs , Julia E. Vogt

Bayesian inference is often utilized for uncertainty quantification tasks. A recent analysis by Xu and Raginsky 2022 rigorously decomposed the predictive uncertainty in Bayesian inference into two uncertainties, called aleatoric and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-25 Futoshi Futami , Tomoharu Iwata

Recently, the partial information decomposition emerged as a promising framework for identifying the meaningful components of the information contained in a joint distribution. Its adoption and practical application, however, have been…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Ryan G. James , Jeffrey Emenheiser , James P. Crutchfield

Causal disentanglement aims to uncover a representation of data using latent variables that are interrelated through a causal model. Such a representation is identifiable if the latent model that explains the data is unique. In this paper,…

While deep learning models have shown remarkable performance in various tasks, they are susceptible to learning non-generalizable spurious features rather than the core features that are genuinely correlated to the true label. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yihe Deng , Yu Yang , Baharan Mirzasoleiman , Quanquan Gu