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Mutual visibility in graphs provides a framework for analysing how vertices can observe one another along shortest paths free of internal obstructions. The visibility polynomial, which enumerates mutual-visibility sets of all orders, has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Tonny K B , Shikhi M

If $G$ is a graph and $X\subseteq V(G)$, then $X$ is a total mutual-visibility set if every pair of vertices $x$ and $y$ of $G$ admits a shortest $x,y$-path $P$ with $V(P) \cap X \subseteq \{x,y\}$. The cardinality of a largest total…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-15 Jing Tian , Sandi Klavžar

Let $G$ be a graph and $X\subseteq V(G)$. Then $X$ is a mutual-visibility set if each pair of vertices from $X$ is connected by a geodesic with no internal vertex in $X$. The mutual-visibility number $\mu(G)$ of $G$ is the cardinality of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-19 Serafino Cicerone , Gabriele Di Stefano , Sandi Klavžar , Ismael G. Yero

The study of mutual visibility has traditionally focused on undirected graphs, asking for the maximum number of vertices that can communicate via shortest paths without intermediate interference from other set members. In this paper, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Vanja Stojanović

If $G$ is a graph and $X\subseteq V(G)$, then $X$ is a total mutual-visibility set if every pair of vertices $x$ and $y$ of $G$ admits a shortest $x,y$-path $P$ with $V(P) \cap X \subseteq \{x,y\}$. The cardinality of a largest total…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Csilla Bujtás , Sandi Klavžar , Jing Tian

Networks are often modeled using graphs, and within this setting we introduce the notion of $k$-fault-tolerant mutual visibility. Informally, a set of vertices $X \subseteq V(G)$ in a graph $G$ is a $k$-fault-tolerant mutual-visibility set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Serafino Cicerone , Gabriele Di Stefano , Sandi Klavžar , Gang Zhang

The concept of mutual-visibility (MV) has been extended in several directions. A vertex subset $S$ of a graph $G$ is a $k$-distance mutual-visibility ($k$DMV) set if for any two vertices in $S$, there is a geodesic between them of length at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Saneesh Babu , Boštjan Brešar , Aparna Lakshmanan S , Babak Samadi

In this paper, connections between independent sets and the variety of mutual-visibility sets are studied. It is proved that every outer mutual-visibility set of a graph is independent if and only if the graph is distance edge-critical.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-02 Jing Tian , Csilla Bujtás , Sandi Klavžar

Let $X$ be a vertex subset of a graph $G$. Then $u, v\in V(G)$ are $X$-positionable if $V(P)\cap X \subseteq \{u,v\}$ holds for any shortest $u,v$-path $P$. If each two vertices from $X$ are $X$-positionable, then $X$ is a general position…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-28 Jing Tian , Sandi Klavžar

Given a connected graph $G$, the total mutual-visibility number of $G$, denoted $\mu_t(G)$, is the cardinality of a largest set $S\subseteq V(G)$ such that for every pair of vertices $x,y\in V(G)$ there is a shortest $x,y$-path whose…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-29 Dorota Kuziak , Juan A. Rodríguez-Velázquez

Given a graph $G$, a mutual-visibility coloring of $G$ is introduced as follows. We color two vertices $x,y\in V(G)$ with a same color, if there is a shortest $x,y$-path whose internal vertices have different colors than $x,y$. The smallest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Sandi Klavžar , Dorota Kuziak , Juan Carlos Valenzuela Tripodoro , Ismael G. Yero

We study unit disk visibility graphs, where the visibility relation between a pair of geometric entities is defined by not only obstacles, but also the distance between them. That is, two entities are not mutually visible if they are too…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Onur Çağırıcı , Deniz Ağaoğlu

The NP-hard Metric Dimension problem is to decide for a given graph G and a positive integer k whether there is a vertex subset of size at most k that separates all vertex pairs in G. Herein, a vertex v separates a pair {u,w} if the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-11-08 Sepp Hartung , André Nichterlein

The \textsc{Mutual Visibility} is a well-known problem in the context of mobile robots. For a set of $n$ robots disposed in the Euclidean plane, it asks for moving the robots without collisions so as to achieve a placement ensuring that no…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Serafino Cicerone , Alessia Di Fonso , Gabriele Di Stefano , Alfredo Navarra

We aim to find orientations of mixed graphs optimizing the total reachability, a problem that has applications in causality and biology. For given a digraph $D$, we use $P(D)$ for the set of ordered pairs of distinct vertices in $V(D)$ and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Florian Hörsch

Given a graph $G=(V(G), E(G))$ and a set $P\subseteq V(G)$, the following concepts have been recently introduced: $(i)$ two elements of $P$ are \emph{mutually visible} if there is a shortest path between them without further elements of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-19 Serafino Cicerone , Gabriele Di Stefano , Sandi Klavzar

Given a graph $G$, a subset $M\subseteq V(G)$ is a mutual-visibility (MV) set if for every $u,v\in M$, there exists a $u,v$-geodesic whose internal vertices are not in $M$. We investigate proper vertex colorings of graphs whose color…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-08 Boštjan Brešar , Iztok Peterin , Babak Samadi , Ismael G. Yero

The variety of mutual-visibility problems contains four members, as does the variety of general position problems. The basic problem is to determine the cardinality of the largest such sets. In this paper, these eight invariants are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Dhanya Roy , Sandi Klavžar , Aparna Lakshmanan , Jing Tian

Mutual-visibility sets were motivated by visibility in distributed systems and social networks, and intertwine with several classical mathematical areas. Monotone properties of the variety of mutual-visibility sets, and restrictions of such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Csilla Bujtás , Sandi Klavžar , Jing Tian

The concept of mutual visibility in a graph encodes combinatorial information about vertex subsets with prescribed visibility properties and serves as a useful algebraic invariant. In this paper, we derive algebraic conditions for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-04 Tonny K B , Shikhi M