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Smart contract vulnerabilities have led to significant financial losses, with their increasing complexity rendering outright prevention of hacks increasingly challenging. This trend highlights the crucial need for advanced forensic analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Kaihua Qin , Zhe Ye , Zhun Wang , Weilin Li , Liyi Zhou , Chao Zhang , Dawn Song , Arthur Gervais

Smart contracts are distributed, self-enforcing programs executing on top of blockchain networks. They have the potential to revolutionize many industries such as financial institutes and supply chains. However, smart contracts are subject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Tai D. Nguyen , Long H. Pham , Jun Sun

In this paper, we explore remarkable similarities between multi-transactional behaviors of smart contracts in cryptocurrencies such as Ethereum and classical problems of shared-memory concurrency. We examine two real-world examples from the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Ilya Sergey , Aquinas Hobor

Recent years have witnessed explosive growth in blockchain smart contract applications. As smart contracts become increasingly popular and carry trillion dollars worth of digital assets, they become more of an appealing target for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Peng Qian , Jianting He , Lingling Lu , Siwei Wu , Zhipeng Lu , Lei Wu , Yajin Zhou , Qinming He

The emergence of blockchain technology has revolutionized contract execution through the introduction of smart contracts. Ethereum, the leading blockchain platform, leverages smart contracts to power decentralized applications (DApps),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Tahrim Hossain , Sakib Hassan , Faisal Haque Bappy , Muhammad Nur Yanhaona , Tarannum Shaila Zaman , Tariqul Islam

Recent attacks exploiting errors in smart contract code had devastating consequences thereby questioning the benefits of this technology. It is currently highly challenging to fix errors and deploy a patched contract in time. Instant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Michael Rodler , Wenting Li , Ghassan O. Karame , Lucas Davi

Logical flaws in smart contracts are often exploited, leading to significant financial losses. Our tool, HighGuard, detects transactions that violate business logic specifications of smart contracts. HighGuard employs dynamic condition…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Mojtaba Eshghie , Wolfgang Ahrendt , Cyrille Artho , Thomas Troels Hildebrandt , Gerardo Schneider

Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection (SCVD) is crucial to guarantee the quality of blockchain-based systems. Graph neural networks have been shown to be effective in learning semantic representations of smart contract code and are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Yizhou Chen

Over the last few years, there has been substantial research on automated analysis, testing, and debugging of Ethereum smart contracts. However, it is not trivial to compare and reproduce that research. To address this, we present…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-13 João F. Ferreira , Pedro Cruz , Thomas Durieux , Rui Abreu

Ethereum smart contracts are executable programs deployed on a blockchain. Once deployed, they cannot be updated due to their inherent immutability. Moreover, they often manage valuable assets that are worth millions of dollars, making them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Konrad Weiss , Christof Ferreira Torres , Florian Wendland

Ethereum has officially provided a set of system-level cryptographic APIs to enhance smart contracts with cryptographic capabilities. These APIs have been utilized in over 10% of Ethereum transactions, motivating developers to implement…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Jiashuo Zhang , Yiming Shen , Jiachi Chen , Jianzhong Su , Yanlin Wang , Ting Chen , Jianbo Gao , Zhong Chen

Symbolic analysis of security exploits in smart contracts has demonstrated to be valuable for analyzing predefined vulnerability properties. While some symbolic tools perform complex analysis steps, they require a predetermined invocation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Wesley Joon-Wie Tann , Xing Jie Han , Sourav Sen Gupta , Yew-Soon Ong

Context: Smart contracts are computerized self-executing contracts that contain clauses, which are enforced once certain conditions are met. Smart contracts are immutable by design and cannot be modified once deployed, which ensures…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Ilham Qasse , Mohammad Hamdaqa , Björn Þór Jónsson

The Blockchain and the programs running on it, called Smart Contracts, are more and more applied in all fields requiring trust and strong certifications. In this work we compare public and permissioned blockchains for industrial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Lodovica Marchesi , Michele Marchesi , Roberto Tonelli

Cryptocurrency has seen an explosive growth in recent years, thanks to the evolvement of blockchain technology and its economic ecosystem. Besides Bitcoin, thousands of cryptocurrencies have been distributed on blockchains, while hundreds…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Ru Ji , Ningyu He , Lei Wu , Haoyu Wang , Guangdong Bai , Yao Guo

Smart contracts are crucial elements of decentralized technologies, but they face significant obstacles to trustworthiness due to security bugs and trapdoors. To address the core issue, we propose a technology that enables programmers to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Nikolaj Bjørner , Shuo Chen , Yang Chen , Zhongxin Guo , Peng Liu , Nanqing Luo

The Ethereum blockchain platform supports the execution of decentralised applications or smart contracts. These typically hold and transfer digital currency to other parties on the platform; however, they have been subject to numerous…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Franklin Schrans , Daniel Hails , Alexander Harkness , Sophia Drossopoulou , Susan Eisenbach

Hackers may create malicious solidity programs and deploy it in the Ethereum block chain. These malicious smart contracts try to attack legitimate programs by exploiting its vulnerabilities such as reentrancy, tx.origin attack, bad…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Roopak Surendran

Smart Contracts (SCs) handle transactions in the Ethereum blockchain worth millions of United States dollars, making them a lucrative target for attackers seeking to exploit vulnerabilities and steal funds. The Ethereum community has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Chavhan Sujeet Yashavant , MitrajSinh Chavda , Saurabh Kumar , Amey Karkare , Angshuman Karmakar

In recent years, we have seen a great deal of both academic and practical interest in the topic of vulnerabilities in smart contracts, particularly those developed for the Ethereum blockchain. While most of the work has focused on detecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Daniel Perez , Benjamin Livshits