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In this paper, we show that there are eight distinct forms of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) argument for the four-qubit cluster state $|\phi_4>$ and forty eight distinct forms for the five-qubit cluster state $|\phi_5>$ in the case…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-31 Li Tang , Zeqian Chen , Zeng-Bing Chen

Multiparticle quantum interference is critical for our understanding and exploitation of quantum information, and for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. A remarkable example of multi-partite correlations is exhibited by the…

We propose two schemes to generate four-photon polarization-entangled states from the second-order emission of the spontaneous parametric down-conversion process. By using linear optical elements and the coincidence-detection, the four…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-04 Dong Ding , Yingqiu He , Fengli Yan , Ting Gao

The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) argument against noncontextual local hidden variables is recast in quantum logical terms of fundamental propositions, states and probabilities. Unlike Kochen-Specker- and Hardy-like configurations, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-29 Karl Svozil

Multipartite entanglement is a critical resource in quantum information processing that exhibits much richer phenomenon and stronger correlations than in bipartite systems. This advantage is also reflected in its multi-user applications.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-14 Hsin-Pin Lo , Takuya Ikuta , Koji Azuma , Toshimori Honjo , William J. Munro , Hiroki Takesue

We propose a scheme for the complete differentiation of 64 three-photon hyperentangled GHZ states in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedoms using the quantum-dot cavity system. The three-photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-01 Tie-Jun Wang , Si-Yu Song , Gui Lu Long

One of the key aims of quantum networks is the efficient distribution of multipartite entangled states among end users. While various architectures have been proposed, each comes with distinct advantages and limitations. Many designs depend…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-11 Daniel Bhatti , Kenneth Goodenough

With a two step optimization method of entanglement witness, we analytically propose a set of necessary and sufficient entanglement criteria for four qubit symmetric Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) diagonal states. The criterion set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-09 Xiao-yu Chen , Li-zhen Jiang

Quantum entanglement is a fundamental property of coherent quantum states and an essential resource for quantum computing. While two-qubit entanglement has been demonstrated for spins in silicon, creation of multipartite entanglement, a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-06-17 Kenta Takeda , Akito Noiri , Takashi Nakajima , Jun Yoneda , Takashi Kobayashi , Seigo Tarucha

Entanglement is the quintessential quantum phenomenon and a key enabler of quantum algorithms. The ability to faithfully entangle many distinct particles is often used as a benchmark for the quality of hardware and control in a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Ali Javadi-Abhari , Simon Martiel , Alireza Seif , Maika Takita , Ken X. Wei

Recently, a new type of symmetry for three-qubit quantum states was introduced, the so-called Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) symmetry. It includes the operations which leave the three-qubit standard GHZ state unchanged. This symmetry is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-14 Christopher Eltschka , Jens Siewert

Probabilistic entangling measurements are key operations in linear-optical quantum technologies, enabling the generation and manipulation of high-dimensional quantum states. While prior research has focused predominantly on specific…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 A. A. Melkozerov , M. Yu. Saygin , S. S. Straupe

We study the stability of superpositions of macroscopically distinct quantum states under decoherence. We introduce a class of quantum states with entanglement features similar to Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, but with an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-18 F. Fröwis , W. Dür

The generation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states is a crucial problem in quantum information. We derive general conditions for obtaining GHZ states as eigenstates of a Hamiltonian. In general, degeneracy cannot be avoided if the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-27 Paolo Facchi , Giuseppe Florio , Saverio Pascazio , Francesco V. Pepe

We propose fault-tolerant architectures based on performing projective measurements in the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) basis on constant-sized, entangled resource states. We present linear-optical constructions of the architectures,…

The distribution of high-quality Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states is at the heart of many quantum communication tasks, ranging from extending the baseline of telescopes to secret sharing. They also play an important role in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-02 Sébastian de Bone , Runsheng Ouyang , Kenneth Goodenough , David Elkouss

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states and their mixtures exhibit fascinating properties. A complete basis of GHZ-states can be constructed by properly choosing local basis rotations. We demonstrate this experimentally for the Hilbert…

By introducing a semi-honest third party (TP), we propose in this paper a novel QPC protocol using (n+1)- qubit (n \ge 2) Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states as information carriers. The parameter n not only determines the number of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Zhaoxu Ji , Peiru Fan , Huanguo Zhang , Houzhen Wang

GHZ paradoxes are presented for all even numbers of qubits from four up. They are obtained from proofs of the Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem by showing how the assumption of noncontextuality can be justified on the basis of locality. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Mordecai Waegell , P. K. Aravind

Quantum entanglement swapping is one of the most promising ways to realize the quantum connection among local quantum nodes. In this Letter, we present an experimental demonstration of the entanglement swapping between two independent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-21 Xiaolong Su , Caixing Tian , Xiaowei Deng , Qiang Li , Changde Xie , Kunchi Peng