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There is growing interest in extending average treatment effect (ATE) estimation to incorporate non-tabular data, such as images and text, which may act as sources of confounding. Neglecting these effects risks biased results and flawed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-23 Rickmer Schulte , David Rügamer , Thomas Nagler

Contrastive Learning (CL) has emerged as one of the most successful paradigms for unsupervised visual representation learning, yet it often depends on intensive manual data augmentations. With the rise of generative models, especially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yifei Wang , Jizhe Zhang , Yisen Wang

Continual learning studies how models can adapt to new tasks while retaining previously acquired knowledge. Although a broad spectrum of methods has been proposed to mitigate catastrophic forgetting, the field remains predominantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Katarzyna Filus , Kamil Faber , Roberto Corizzo , Christopher Kanan

Self-supervised representation learning has achieved impressive empirical success, yet its theoretical understanding remains limited. In this work, we provide a theoretical perspective by formulating self-supervised representation learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Byeongchan Lee

Continual Learning (CL, sometimes also termed incremental learning) is a flavor of machine learning where the usual assumption of stationary data distribution is relaxed or omitted. When naively applying, e.g., DNNs in CL problems, changes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Benedikt Bagus , Alexander Gepperth , Timothée Lesort

Contrastive learning between different views of the data achieves outstanding success in the field of self-supervised representation learning and the learned representations are useful in broad downstream tasks. Since all supervision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Haoqing Wang , Xun Guo , Zhi-Hong Deng , Yan Lu

Supervised learning has become a cornerstone of modern machine learning, yet a comprehensive theory explaining its effectiveness remains elusive. Empirical phenomena, such as neural analogy-making and the linear representation hypothesis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Patrik Reizinger , Alice Bizeul , Attila Juhos , Julia E. Vogt , Randall Balestriero , Wieland Brendel , David Klindt

Developing meaningful and efficient representations that separate the fundamental structure of the data generation mechanism is crucial in representation learning. However, Disentangled Representation Learning has not fully shown its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jacopo Dapueto , Nicoletta Noceti , Francesca Odone

Causal representation learning (CRL) offers the promise of uncovering the underlying causal model by which observed data was generated, but the practical applicability of existing methods remains limited by the strong assumptions required…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yuhang Liu , Zhen Zhang , Dong Gong , Erdun Gao , Biwei Huang , Mingming Gong , Anton van den Hengel , Kun Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Contrastive learning has achieved remarkable success in self-supervised representation learning, often guided by information-theoretic objectives such as mutual information maximization. Motivated by the limitations of static augmentations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Jiansong Zhang , Zhuoqin Yang , Xu Wu , Xiaoling Luo , Peizhong Liu , Linlin Shen

While diffusion models excel at generating high-quality samples, their latent variables typically lack semantic meaning and are not suitable for representation learning. Here, we propose InfoDiffusion, an algorithm that augments diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yingheng Wang , Yair Schiff , Aaron Gokaslan , Weishen Pan , Fei Wang , Christopher De Sa , Volodymyr Kuleshov

In contrastive representation learning, data representation is trained so that it can classify the image instances even when the images are altered by augmentations. However, depending on the datasets, some augmentations can damage the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-16 Masanori Koyama , Kentaro Minami , Takeru Miyato , Yarin Gal

Counterfactual explanations focus on "actionable knowledge" to help end-users understand how a machine learning outcome could be changed to a more desirable outcome. For this purpose a counterfactual explainer needs to discover input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Nirmalie Wiratunga , Anjana Wijekoon , Ikechukwu Nkisi-Orji , Kyle Martin , Chamath Palihawadana , David Corsar

Contrastive representation learning has been outstandingly successful in practice. In this work, we identify two key properties related to the contrastive loss: (1) alignment (closeness) of features from positive pairs, and (2) uniformity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Tongzhou Wang , Phillip Isola

Amnesic probing is a technique used to examine the influence of specific linguistic information on the behaviour of a model. This involves identifying and removing the relevant information and then assessing whether the model's performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Alicja Dobrzeniecka , Antske Fokkens , Pia Sommerauer

Ensuring the realism of computer-generated synthetic images is crucial to deep neural network (DNN) training. Due to different semantic distributions between synthetic and real-world captured datasets, there exists semantic mismatch between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Ganning Zhao , Tingwei Shen , Suya You , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Contrastive Learning (CL) has been successfully applied to classification and other downstream tasks related to concrete concepts, such as objects contained in the ImageNet dataset. No attempts seem to have been made so far in applying this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Daniel N. Nissani

Lossy image compression is one of the most commonly used operators for digital images. Most recently proposed deep-learning-based image compression methods leverage the auto-encoder structure, and reach a series of promising results in this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Yaolong Wang , Mingqing Xiao , Chang Liu , Shuxin Zheng , Tie-Yan Liu

Self-supervised representation learning has made significant leaps fueled by progress in contrastive learning, which seeks to learn transformations that embed positive input pairs nearby, while pushing negative pairs far apart. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Tri Huynh , Simon Kornblith , Matthew R. Walter , Michael Maire , Maryam Khademi

Deep anomaly detection methods learn representations that separate between normal and anomalous images. Although self-supervised representation learning is commonly used, small dataset sizes limit its effectiveness. It was previously shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Tal Reiss , Yedid Hoshen
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