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Large Language Model (LLM) workloads have distinct prefill and decode phases with different compute and memory requirements which should ideally be accounted for when scheduling input queries across different LLM instances in a cluster.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Kunal Jain , Anjaly Parayil , Ankur Mallick , Esha Choukse , Xiaoting Qin , Jue Zhang , Íñigo Goiri , Rujia Wang , Chetan Bansal , Victor Rühle , Anoop Kulkarni , Steve Kofsky , Saravan Rajmohan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, leading to a significant increase in user demand for LLM services. However, cloud-based LLM services often suffer from high latency, unstable responsiveness, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Jin Yang , Qiong Wu , Zhiying Feng , Zhi Zhou , Deke Guo , Xu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 and Llama have shown remarkable capabilities in a variety of software engineering tasks. Despite the advancements, their practical deployment faces challenges, including high financial costs, long…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yueyue Liu , Hongyu Zhang , Yuantian Miao

Advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to a surge of LLM-powered applications. These applications have diverse token-generation latency requirements. As a result, simply classifying workloads as latency-sensitive (LS) or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Kan Zhu , Haiyang Shi , Le Xu , Jiaxin Shan , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Baris Kasikci , Liguang Xie

Large language models (LLMs) propel the prosperity of interactive AI applications showcased by ChatGPT that demand timely response of inference services. However, LLM inference is computation intensive and memory intensive, and improper…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Yuqing Yang , Yuedong Xu , Lei Jiao

Large language model (LLM) serving faces the dual challenge of meeting strict user-specific service-level objectives (SLOs) while minimizing computational cost under dynamic, multi-task workloads. Existing approaches either rely on static…

The exploration and application of Large Language Models (LLMs) is thriving. To reduce deployment costs, continuous batching has become an essential feature in current service frameworks. The effectiveness of continuous batching relies on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ruihao Gong , Shihao Bai , Siyu Wu , Yunqian Fan , Zaijun Wang , Xiuhong Li , Hailong Yang , Xianglong Liu

Recent breakthroughs in large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled various generative tasks on a single model. Real-world services (e.g., OpenAI's ChatGPT [27]) powered by an LLM often concurrently support latency-critical requests for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Wan Borui , Zhao Juntao , Jiang Chenyu , Guo Chuanxiong , Wu Chuan

While traditional optimization and scheduling schemes are designed to meet fixed, predefined system requirements, future systems are moving toward user-driven approaches and personalized services, aiming to achieve high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Thomas Mongaillard , Samson Lasaulce , Othman Hicheur , Chao Zhang , Lina Bariah , Vineeth S. Varma , Hang Zou , Qiyang Zhao , Merouane Debbah

Large language model (LLM) serving is becoming an increasingly important workload for cloud providers. Based on performance SLO requirements, LLM inference requests can be divided into (a) interactive requests that have tight SLOs in the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Archit Patke , Dhemath Reddy , Saurabh Jha , Chandra Narayanaswami , Zbigniew Kalbarczyk , Ravishankar Iyer

We introduce xLLM, an intelligent and efficient Large Language Model (LLM) inference framework designed for high-performance, large-scale enterprise-grade serving, with deep optimizations for diverse AI accelerators. To address these…

Large language models (LLMs) have facilitated a wide range of applications with distinct service-level objectives (SLOs), from latency-sensitive online tasks like interactive chatbots to throughput-oriented offline workloads like data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ting Sun , Penghan Wang , Fan Lai

Large language model (LLM) applications are evolving beyond simple chatbots into dynamic, general-purpose agentic programs, which scale LLM calls and output tokens to help AI agents reason, explore, and solve complex tasks. However,…

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted due to their remarkable performance across various applications, driving the accelerated development of a large number of diverse models. However, these individual LLMs show limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Ekaterina Kochmar

Agentic workflows are composed of sequences of interdependent Large Language Model (LLM) calls, and they have become a dominant workload in modern AI systems. These workflows exhibit extensive redundancy from overlapping prompts and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Noppanat Wadlom , Junyi Shen , Yao Lu

Recent breakthroughs in Large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on various tasks. The immense sizes of LLMs have led to very high resource demand and cost for running the models. Though the models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Juntao Zhao , Borui Wan , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Chuan Wu

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for querying relational data has given rise to relQuery, a workload pattern that applies templated LLM calls to structured tables. As relQuery services become more widely adopted in applications such…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xin Zhang , Shihong Gao , Yanyan Shen , Haoyang Li , Lei Chen

As demand for Large Language Models (LLMs) and AI agents grows rapidly, optimizing systems for efficient LLM inference becomes critical. While significant efforts have targeted system-level engineering, little has been explored from a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 J. G. Dai , Tianze Deng , Yueying Li , Tianyi Peng

Code Large Language Models (CodeLLMs) are increasingly integrated into modern software development workflows, yet efficiently serving them in resource-constrained, self-hosted environments remains a significant challenge. Existing LLM…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Shi Chang , Boyuan Chen , Kishanthan Thangarajah , Hanan Lutfiyya , Ahmed E. Hassan

Large language models (LLMs) are now at the core of conversational AI services such as real-time translation and chatbots, which provide live user interaction by incrementally streaming text to the user. However, existing LLM serving…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Jiachen Liu , Jae-Won Chung , Zhiyu Wu , Fan Lai , Myungjin Lee , Mosharaf Chowdhury