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Evaluating the value alignment of large language models (LLMs) has traditionally relied on single-sentence adversarial prompts, which directly probe models with ethically sensitive or controversial questions. However, with the rapid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Yazhou Zhang , Qimeng Liu , Qiuchi Li , Peng Zhang , Jing Qin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in software engineering tasks such as requirements elicitation, design, and evaluation, raising critical questions regarding their alignment with human judgments on responsible AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Asma Yamani , Malak Baslyman , Moataz Ahmed

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in human-AI interaction research and practice, yet existing capability and safety benchmarks reveal little about the value priorities these systems express or how those priorities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gabriel Rongyang Lau , Wei Yan Low , Seow Min Koh , Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah , Andree Hartanto

Increasing interest in ensuring the safety of next-generation Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems calls for novel approaches to embedding morality into autonomous agents. This goal differs qualitatively from traditional task-specific AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Elizaveta Tennant , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their potential integration into autonomous driving systems necessitates understanding their moral decision-making capabilities. While our previous study examined four prominent LLMs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Muhammad Shahrul Zaim bin Ahmad , Kazuhiro Takemoto

Large Language Models (LLMs) push the bound-aries in natural language processing and generative AI, driving progress across various aspects of modern society. Unfortunately, the pervasive issue of bias in LLMs responses (i.e., predictions)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Isabela Pereira Gregio , Ian Pons , Anna Helena Reali Costa , Artur Jordão

Understanding the world and explaining it with scientific theories is a central aspiration of artificial intelligence research. Proposing theories, designing experiments to test them, and then revising them based on data are fundamental to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Kanishk Gandhi , Michael Y. Li , Lyle Goodyear , Agam Bhatia , Louise Li , Aditi Bhaskar , Mohammed Zaman , Noah D. Goodman

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit surprisingly diverse risk preferences when acting as AI decision makers, a crucial characteristic whose origins remain poorly understood despite their expanding economic roles. We analyze 50 LLMs using…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-11 Shumiao Ouyang , Hayong Yun , Xingjian Zheng

Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress made in large language models (LLMs). Such advancements, while garnering significant attention, have concurrently elicited various concerns. The potential of these models is undeniably vast;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Tianhao Shen , Renren Jin , Yufei Huang , Chuang Liu , Weilong Dong , Zishan Guo , Xinwei Wu , Yan Liu , Deyi Xiong

AI Alignment, primarily in the form of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), has been a cornerstone of the post-training phase in developing Large Language Models (LLMs). It has also been a popular research topic across various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ilias Chalkidis

Evaluating the scientific discovery capabilities of large language model based agents, particularly how they cope with varying environmental complexity and utilize prior knowledge, requires specialized benchmarks currently lacking in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yimeng Chen , Piotr Piȩkos , Mateusz Ostaszewski , Firas Laakom , Jürgen Schmidhuber

A core challenge in the development of increasingly capable AI systems is to make them safe and reliable by ensuring their behaviour is consistent with human values. This challenge, known as the alignment problem, does not merely apply to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Raphaël Millière

Recently, computer scientists have developed large language models (LLMs) by training prediction models with large-scale language corpora and human reinforcements. The LLMs have become one promising way to implement artificial intelligence…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Hyemin Han

The rapid progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) could transform many fields, but their fast development creates significant challenges for oversight, ethical creation, and building user trust. This comprehensive review looks at key trust…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Mahdi Abdelguerfi , Elias Ioup , Kendall N. Niles , Ken Pathak , Steven Sloan

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as AI Assistants in firms for support in cognitive tasks. These AI assistants carry embedded perspectives which influence factors across the firm including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Noah Broestl , Benjamin Lange , Cristina Voinea , Geoff Keeling , Rachael Lam

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) alignment aims to investigate whether AI technologies align with human interests and values and function in a safe and ethical manner. AI alignment is particularly relevant for large language models…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into society, their alignment with human morals is crucial. To better understand this alignment, we created a large corpus of human- and LLM-generated responses to various moral…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Basile Garcia , Crystal Qian , Stefano Palminteri

Understanding human attitudes, preferences, and behaviors through social surveys is essential for academic research and policymaking. Yet traditional surveys face persistent challenges, including fixed-question formats, high costs, limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Chenxi Lin , Weikang Yuan , Zhuoren Jiang , Biao Huang , Ruitao Zhang , Jianan Ge , Yueqian Xu , Jianxing Yu

Contemporary artificial intelligence research has been organized around two dominant ambitions: productivity, which treats AI systems as tools for accelerating work and economic output, and alignment, which focuses on ensuring that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 W. Russell Neuman , Chad Coleman

Big models, exemplified by Large Language Models (LLMs), are models typically pre-trained on massive data and comprised of enormous parameters, which not only obtain significantly improved performance across diverse tasks but also present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Jing Yao , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xiting Wang , Jindong Wang , Xing Xie