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External seeded free-electron lasers (FELs) are compelling tools for generating fully coherent EUV and soft X-ray radiations. Echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG), the most typical representative of external seeded FELs, has witnessed a…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2024-04-29 Xiaofan Wang , Li Zeng , Weiqing Zhang , Xueming Yang

Seeded free-electron lasers (FELs) capable of operating at repetition rates up to the MHz level are in high demand for advanced time-resolved spectroscopies, which require both full longitudinal coherence and high average photon flux in the…

Fine time-resolved analysis of matter - i.e. spectroscopy and photon scattering - in the linear response regime requires a fs-scale pulsed, high repetition rate, fully coherent X-ray source. A seeded Free-Electron Laser (FEL) driven by a…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 N. S. Mirian , M. Opromolla , G. Rossi , L. Serafini , V. Petrillo

In this paper we propose a new method for measurements of the longitudinal profile of 100 femtosecond electron bunches for X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs). The method is simply the combination of two well-known techniques, which where…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. L. Saldin , E. A. Schneidmiller , M. V. Yurkov

One of the options for increasing longitudinal coherency of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) is their seeding with microbunched electron beam. Several schemes leading to significant amplitude of the beam bunching at X-ray wavelengths were…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2012-07-23 Nikolai A. Yampolsky , Bruce E. Carlsten

Fourth-generation storage-ring light sources have achieved transverse emittances approaching the diffraction limit at x-ray wavelengths, while their longitudinal coherence remains limited. Existing laser-modulation schemes can induce strong…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Weihang Liu , Yu Zhao , Weilun Qin , Yi Jiao , Xiao Li , Sheng Wang

Free-electron lasers (FELs) seeded with external lasers hold great promise for generating high power radiation with nearly transform-limited bandwidth in soft x-ray region. However, it has been pointed out that the initial seed laser noise…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2013-04-15 Chao Feng , Haixiao Deng , Guanglei Wang , Dong Wang , Dao Xiang , Zhentang Zhao

Over the last decade, external seeded free electron lasers (FELs) have achieved significant advancements across various disciplines, progressively establishing themselves as indispensable tools in fields ranging from fundamental science to…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2024-11-18 Li Zeng , Chao Feng , Xiaofan Wang , Huaiqian Yi , Weiqing Zhang

FLASH II is an upgrade to the existing free electron laser (FEL) FLASH. The echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) scheme is proposed to be a potential seeding option of FLASH II. In this paper, the possibility of EEHG operation of FLASH…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2011-03-03 Haixiao Deng , Winfried Decking , Bart Faatz

In this paper, a simple method is proposed to extend the photon energy range of a soft x-ray self-seeding free-electron laser (FEL). A normal monochromator is first applied to purify the FEL spectrum and provide a coherent seeding signal.…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Kaiqing Zhang , Zheng Qi , Chao Feng , Haixiao Deng , Dong Wang , Zhentang Zhao

Attosecond pulse trains (APTs) are indispensable for probing electron dynamics at their intrinsic timescales. High harmonic generation (HHG) has long been a successful and widely used technique in producing extreme ultraviolet APTs. While…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Lanpeng Ni , Junhao Liu , Zheng Qi , Chao Feng

The invention of optical lasers led to a revolution in the field of optics and even to the creation of completely new fields of research such as quantum optics. The reason was their unique statistical and coherence properties. The newly…

Harmonic lasing is a perspective mode of operation of X-ray FEL user facilities that allows to provide brilliant beams of higher energy photons for user experiments. Another useful application of harmonic lasing is so called Harmonic Lasing…

The generation of harmonic radiation through a non-linear mechanism driven by bunching at fundamental frequency is an important option in the operation of high gain Free-Electron Lasers (FELs). The use of harmonic generation at a large…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Gianluca Geloni , Evgeni Saldin , Evgeni Schneidmiller , Mikhail Yurkov

High-brightness X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) produce spatially and temporally coherent pulses on attosecond to femtosecond timescales, providing a transformative tool for discovery across biology, chemistry, physics, and materials…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Ji Qiang

We propose a concept for production of high power coherent attosecond pulses in X-ray range. An approach is based on generation of 8th harmonic of radiation in a multistage HGHG FEL (high gain high harmonic free electron laser)…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. L. Saldin , E. A. Schneidmiller , M. V. Yurkov

X-ray free-electron laser oscillator (XFELO) is expected to be a cutting edge tool for fully coherent X-ray laser generation, and undulator taper technique is well-known for considerably increasing the efficiency of free-electron lasers…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2018-05-09 Kai Li , Jiawei Yan , Chao Feng , Meng Zhang , Haixiao Deng

The high peak current required in free-electron lasers (FELs) is realized by longitudinal compression of the electron bunches to sub-picosecond length. In this paper, a frequency-domain diagnostic method is described that is capable of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-01-31 S. Wesch , B. Schmidt , C. Behrens , H. Delsim-Hashemi , P. Schmüser

We propose and analyze a novel regenerative amplifier free electron laser (FEL) to produce fully coherent x-ray pulses. The method makes use of narrow-bandwidth Bragg crystals to form an x-ray feedback loop around a relatively short…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Zhirong Huang , Ronald D. Ruth

In this letter, a simple technique is proposed to induce strong density modulation into the electron beam with small energy modulation. By using the combination of a transversely dispersed electron beam and a wave-front tilted seed laser,…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Chao Feng , Tong Zhang , Haixiao Deng , Zhentang Zhao