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Quantum random number generators (QRNG) represent an advanced solution for randomness generation, essential in every cryptographic applications. In this context, integrated arrays of single photon detectors have promising applications as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-24 Davide G. Marangon , Giuseppe Vallone , Ugo Zanforlin , Paolo Villoresi

Random number generators (RNG) based on quantum mechanics are captivating due to their security and unpredictability compared to conventional generators, such as pseudo-random number generators and hardware-random number generators. This…

AI-Hybrid TRNG is a deep-learning framework that extracts near-uniform entropy directly from physical noise, eliminating the need for bulky quantum devices or expensive laboratory-grade RF receivers. Instead, it relies on a low-cost,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Hasan Yiğit

Post-processing of the raw bits produced by a true random number generator (TRNG) is always necessary when the entropy per bit is insufficient for security applications. In this paper, we derive a tight bound on the output min-entropy of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Miloš Grujić , Ingrid Verbauwhede

Entropy estimation is a fundamental problem in information theory that has applications in various fields, including physics, biology, and computer science. Estimating the entropy of discrete sequences can be challenging due to limited data…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-01-18 Juan De Gregorio , David Sanchez , Raul Toral

In this paper, we approximate the hidden Markov model of chaotic-map truly random number generators (TRNGs) and describe its fundamental limits based on the approximate entropy-rate of the underlying bit-generation process. We demonstrate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-03-04 Ahmad Beirami , Hamid Nejati

In the field of machine learning, regression problems are pivotal due to their ability to predict continuous outcomes. Traditional error metrics like mean squared error, mean absolute error, and coefficient of determination measure model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yu-Hsueh Fang , Chia-Yen Lee

The min-entropy is a widely used metric to quantify the randomness of generated random numbers, which measures the difficulty of guessing the most likely output. It is difficult to accurately estimate the min-entropy of a non-independent…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Jiheon Woo , Chanhee Yoo , Young-Sik Kim , Yuval Cassuto , Yongjune Kim

With a growing interest in securing user data within the internet-of-things (IoT), embedded encryption has become of paramount importance, requiring light-weight high-quality Random Number Generators (RNGs). Emerging stochastic device…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Furqan Zahoor , Ibrahim A. Albulushi , Saleh Bunaiyan , Anupam Chattopadhyay , Hesham ElSawy , Feras Al-Dirini

Random number generation (RNG) is a crucial element in security protocols, and its performance and reliability are critical for the safety and integrity of digital systems. This is especially true in 5G networks with many devices with low…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Evren Catak , Ogerta Elezaj

Random number generators (RNGs) that are crucial for cryptographic applications have been the subject of adversarial attacks. These attacks exploit environmental information to predict generated random numbers that are supposed to be truly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Nhan Duy Truong , Jing Yan Haw , Syed Muhamad Assad , Ping Koy Lam , Omid Kavehei

Feature selection, in the context of machine learning, is the process of separating the highly predictive feature from those that might be irrelevant or redundant. Information theory has been recognized as a useful concept for this task, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Catuscia Palamidessi , Marco Romanelli

Entropy Estimation is an important problem with many applications in cryptography, statistic,machine learning. Although the estimators optimal with respect to the sample complexity have beenrecently developed, there are still some…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Maciej Skorski

The security of many cryptographic constructions depends on random number generators for providing unpredictable keys, nonces, initialization vectors and other parameters. Modern operating systems implement cryptographic pseudo-random…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-11-14 Richard Ostertág , Martin Stanek

We explore a supervised machine learning approach to estimate the entanglement entropy of multi-qubit systems from few experimental samples. We put a particular focus on estimating both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty of the network's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-04 Maximilian Rieger , Moritz Reh , Martin Gärttner

Random bit generators (RBGs) are key components of a variety of information processing applications ranging from simulations to cryptography. In particular, cryptographic systems require "strong" RBGs that produce high-entropy bit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Fiorentino , C. M. Santori , S. M. Spillane , W. J. Munro , R. G. Beausoleil

Random number generation plays a vital role in cryptographic systems and computational applications, where uniformity, unpredictability, and robustness are essential. This paper presents the Entropy Mixing Network (EMN), a novel hybrid…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Mohamed Aly Bouke , Omar Imhemmed Alramli , Azizol Abdullah , Nur Izura Udzir , Normalia Samian , Mohamed Othman , Zurina Mohd Hanapi

We explore the interplay of quantum computing and machine learning to advance experimental protocols for observing measurement-induced phase transitions (MIPT) in quantum devices. In particular, we focus on trapped ion monitored circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Yangrui Hu , Yi Hong Teoh , William Witczak-Krempa , Roger G. Melko

The min-entropy is a widely used metric to quantify the randomness of generated random numbers in cryptographic applications; it measures the difficulty of guessing the most likely output. An important min-entropy estimator is the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Yongjune Kim , Cyril Guyot , Young-Sik Kim

Quality randomness is fundamental to cryptographic operations but on embedded systems good sources are (seemingly) hard to find. Rather than use expensive custom hardware, our ERHARD-RNG Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) utilizes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Jacob Grycel , Robert J. Walls
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