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Large Language Models (LLMs) generate functionally correct solutions but often fall short in code efficiency, a critical bottleneck for real-world deployment. In this paper, we introduce a novel test-time iterative optimization framework to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Mingzhe Du , Luu Anh Tuan , Yue Liu , Yuhao Qing , Dong Huang , Xinyi He , Qian Liu , Zejun Ma , See-kiong Ng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities through pretraining and alignment. However, superior short-context LLMs may underperform in long-context scenarios due to insufficient long-context alignment. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Guanzheng Chen , Xin Li , Michael Qizhe Shieh , Lidong Bing

We introduce SIRI, Scaling Iterative Reinforcement Learning with Interleaved Compression, a simple yet effective RL approach for Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) that enables more efficient and accurate reasoning. Existing studies have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haoming Wen , Yushi Bai , Juanzi Li , Jie Tang

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow instructions is crucial to real-world applications. Despite recent advances, several studies have highlighted that LLMs struggle when faced with challenging instructions, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Haoran Sun , Lixin Liu , Junjie Li , Fengyu Wang , Baohua Dong , Ran Lin , Ruohui Huang

Instruction-based language modeling has received significant attention in pretrained language models. However, the efficiency of instruction engineering remains low and hinders the development of instruction studies. Recent studies have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Heng Yang , Ke Li

Applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) shows significant promise for complex video reasoning. However, popular Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (RFT) methods, such as outcome-based Group Relative Policy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yunxin Li , Xinyu Chen , Zitao Li , Zhenyu Liu , Longyue Wang , Wenhan Luo , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Preference alignment is pivotal for empowering large language models (LLMs) to generate helpful and harmless responses. However, the performance of preference alignment is highly sensitive to the prevalent noise in the preference data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Xize Liang , Chao Chen , Shuang Qiu , Jie Wang , Yue Wu , Zhihang Fu , Zhihao Shi , Feng Wu , Jieping Ye

Large language models (LLMs) with instruction fine-tuning demonstrate superior generative capabilities. However, these models are resource-intensive. To alleviate this issue, we explore distilling knowledge from instruction-tuned LLMs into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Minghao Wu , Abdul Waheed , Chiyu Zhang , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , Alham Fikri Aji

Video generation models have achieved remarkable progress in text-to-video tasks. These models are typically trained on text-video pairs with highly detailed and carefully crafted descriptions, while real-world user inputs during inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiale Cheng , Ruiliang Lyu , Xiaotao Gu , Xiao Liu , Jiazheng Xu , Yida Lu , Jiayan Teng , Zhuoyi Yang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), generating rule-based data for real-world applications has become more accessible. Due to the inherent ambiguity of natural language and the complexity of rule sets, especially in long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Teng Wang , Zhenqi He , Wing-Yin Yu , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han

Preference learning is a widely adopted post-training technique that aligns large language models (LLMs) to human preferences and improves specific downstream task capabilities. In this work we systematically investigate how specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Joongwon Kim , Anirudh Goyal , Aston Zhang , Bo Xiong , Rui Hou , Melanie Kambadur , Dhruv Mahajan , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Liang Tan

Existing Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) can process inputs with context lengths up to 128k visual and text tokens, yet they struggle to generate coherent outputs beyond 1,000 words. We find that the primary limitation is the absence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Shangqing Tu , Yucheng Wang , Daniel Zhang-Li , Yushi Bai , Jifan Yu , Yuhao Wu , Lei Hou , Huiqin Liu , Zhiyuan Liu , Bin Xu , Juanzi Li

Long-form generation is crucial for academic writing papers and repo-level code generation. Despite this, current models, including GPT-4o, still exhibit unsatisfactory performance. Existing methods that utilize preference learning with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Bowen Ping , Jiali Zeng , Fandong Meng , Shuo Wang , Jie Zhou , Shanghang Zhang

There is a consensus that instruction fine-tuning of LLMs requires high-quality data, but what are they? LIMA (NeurIPS 2023) and AlpaGasus (ICLR 2024) are state-of-the-art methods for selecting such high-quality examples, either via manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Hao Zhao , Maksym Andriushchenko , Francesco Croce , Nicolas Flammarion

The improvement of LLMs' instruction-following capabilities relies heavily on the availability of high-quality instruction-response pairs. Unfortunately, the current methods used to collect the pairs suffer from either unaffordable labor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yongrui Chen , Haiyun Jiang , Xinting Huang , Shuming Shi , Guilin Qi

We study session-based recommendation scenarios where we want to recommend items to users during sequential interactions to improve their long-term utility. Optimizing a long-term metric is challenging because the learning signal (whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Bogdan Mazoure , Paul Mineiro , Pavithra Srinath , Reza Sharifi Sedeh , Doina Precup , Adith Swaminathan

Following multiple instructions is a crucial ability for large language models (LLMs). Evaluating this ability comes with significant challenges: (i) limited coherence between multiple instructions, (ii) positional bias where the order of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Xinyi Chen , Baohao Liao , Jirui Qi , Panagiotis Eustratiadis , Christof Monz , Arianna Bisazza , Maarten de Rijke

It is imperative for Large language models (LLMs) to follow instructions with elaborate requirements (i.e. Complex Instructions Following). Yet, it remains under-explored how to enhance the ability of LLMs to follow complex instructions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Qianyu He , Jie Zeng , Qianxi He , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao

Large language models (LLMs) can understand human instructions, showing their potential for pragmatic applications beyond traditional NLP tasks. However, they still struggle with complex instructions, which can be either complex task…

Instructions augmentation is a crucial step for unleashing the full potential of large language models (LLMs) in downstream tasks. Existing Self-Instruct methods primarily simulate new instructions from a few initial instructions with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Wanyun Cui , Qianle Wang