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Extreme ocean phenomena are challenging not only to predict but to diagnose, as accurate forecasts alone do not reveal the underlying physical drivers. While recent machine learning approaches achieve strong predictive skill, they remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Sanah Suri , Kieran Ringel , Maike Sonnewald

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in image recognition, yet their inherent opacity poses challenges for deployment in critical domains. Concept-based interpretations aim to address this by explaining model reasoning through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shizhan Gong , Xiaofan Zhang , Qi Dou

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) ensure interpretability by decomposing predictions into human interpretable concepts. Yet the annotations used for training CBMs that enable this transparency are often noisy, and the impact of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Seonghwan Park , Jueun Mun , Donghyun Oh , Namhoon Lee

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) enable interpretable image classification by structuring predictions around human-understandable concepts, but extending this paradigm to video remains challenging due to the difficulty of extracting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Patrick Knab , Sascha Marton , Philipp J. Schubert , Drago Guggiana , Christian Bartelt

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) have emerged as critical tools in domains where interpretability is paramount. These models rely on predefined textual descriptions, referred to as concepts, to inform their decision-making process and offer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Maor Dikter , Tsachi Blau , Chaim Baskin

Modern deep neural networks have now reached human-level performance across a variety of tasks. However, unlike humans they lack the ability to explain their decisions by showing where and telling what concepts guided them. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Itay Benou , Tammy Riklin-Raviv

Black-box deep neural networks excel in text classification, yet their application in high-stakes domains is hindered by their lack of interpretability. To address this, we propose Text Bottleneck Models (TBM), an intrinsically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Josh Magnus Ludan , Qing Lyu , Yue Yang , Liam Dugan , Mark Yatskar , Chris Callison-Burch

The main challenges limiting the adoption of deep learning-based solutions in medical workflows are the availability of annotated data and the lack of interpretability of such systems. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) tackle the latter by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Cristiano Patrício , Isabel Rio-Torto , Jaime S. Cardoso , Luís F. Teixeira , João C. Neves

Deep learning-based medical image classification techniques are rapidly advancing in medical image analysis, making it crucial to develop accurate and trustworthy models that can be efficiently deployed across diverse clinical scenarios.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hangzhou He , Jiachen Tang , Lei Zhu , Kaiwen Li , Yanye Lu

Rising usage of deep neural networks to perform decision making in critical applications like medical diagnosis and financial analysis have raised concerns regarding their reliability and trustworthiness. As automated systems become more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Sanchit Sinha , Mengdi Huai , Jianhui Sun , Aidong Zhang

Recent concept-based interpretable models have succeeded in providing meaningful explanations by pre-defined concept sets. However, the dependency on the pre-defined concepts restricts the application because of the limited number of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Kosuke Nishida

Two traditions of interpretability have evolved side by side but seldom spoken to each other: Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs), which prescribe what a concept should be, and Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs), which discover what concepts emerge.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Alexandre Rocchi--Henry , Thomas Fel , Gianni Franchi

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) in medical imaging aim to improve model interpretability by predicting intermediate clinical concepts before final diagnoses. However, most existing CBMs treat concepts as discriminative predictors of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Amy Rafferty , Rishi Ramaesh , Ajitha Rajan

Despite their remarkable performance on a wide range of visual tasks, machine learning technologies often succumb to data distribution shifts. Consequently, a range of recent work explores techniques for detecting these shifts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Maleakhi A. Wijaya , Dmitry Kazhdan , Botty Dimanov , Mateja Jamnik

Ensuring fairness in image classification prevents models from perpetuating and amplifying bias. Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) map images to high-level, human-interpretable concepts before making predictions via a sparse, one-layer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Schrasing Tong , Antoine Salaun , Vincent Yuan , Annabel Adeyeri , Lalana Kagal

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) have recently been proposed to address the 'black-box' problem of deep neural networks, by first mapping images to a human-understandable concept space and then linearly combining concepts for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Sukrut Rao , Sweta Mahajan , Moritz Böhle , Bernt Schiele

Concept bottleneck models map from raw inputs to concepts, and then from concepts to targets. Such models aim to incorporate pre-specified, high-level concepts into the learning procedure, and have been motivated to meet three desiderata:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Andrei Margeloiu , Matthew Ashman , Umang Bhatt , Yanzhi Chen , Mateja Jamnik , Adrian Weller

Concept-Based Models (CBMs) are a class of deep learning models that provide interpretability by explaining predictions through high-level concepts. These models first predict concepts and then use them to perform a downstream task.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 David Debot , Pietro Barbiero , Gabriele Dominici , Giuseppe Marra

To increase the trustworthiness of deep neural networks, it is critical to improve the understanding of how they make decisions. This paper introduces a novel unsupervised concept-based model for image classification, named Learnable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Francesco De Santis , Philippe Bich , Gabriele Ciravegna , Pietro Barbiero , Danilo Giordano , Tania Cerquitelli

Models based on human-understandable concepts have received extensive attention to improve model interpretability for trustworthy artificial intelligence in the field of medical image analysis. These methods can provide convincing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Hongmei Wang , Junlin Hou , Hao Chen