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Interactive analytics increasingly involves querying for quantiles over sub-populations of high cardinality datasets. Data processing engines such as Druid and Spark use mergeable summaries to estimate quantiles, but summary merge times can…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Edward Gan , Jialin Ding , Kai Sheng Tai , Vatsal Sharan , Peter Bailis

Join ordering is a key factor in query performance, yet traditional cost-based optimizers often produce sub-optimal plans due to inaccurate cardinality estimates in multi-predicate, multi-join queries. Existing alternatives such as…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-26 David Justen , Matthias Boehm

A key need in different disciplines is to perform analytics over fast-paced data streams, similar in nature to the traditional OLAP analytics in relational databases i.e., with filters and aggregates. Storing unbounded streams, however, is…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Wieger R. Punter , Odysseas Papapetrou , Minos Garofalakis

Random sketching is a dimensionality reduction technique that approximately preserves norms and singular values up to some $O(1)$ distortion factor with high probability. The most popular sketches in literature are the Gaussian sketch and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Andrew J. Higgins , Erik G. Boman , Ichitaro Yamazaki

Anomaly detection in dynamic graphs is essential for identifying malicious activities, fraud, and unexpected behaviors in real-world systems such as cybersecurity and power grids. However, existing approaches struggle with scalability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ocheme Anthony Ekle , William Eberle

The challenge of estimating similarity between sets has been a significant concern in data science, finding diverse applications across various domains. However, previous approaches, such as MinHash, have predominantly centered around…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Fenghao Dong , Yang He , Yutong Liang , Zirui Liu , Yuhan Wu , Peiqing Chen , Tong Yang

Data sketching is a critical tool for distinct counting, enabling multisets to be represented by compact summaries that admit fast cardinality estimates. Because sketches may be merged to summarize multiset unions, they are a basic building…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Jonathan Hehir , Daniel Ting , Graham Cormode

Cardinality estimation algorithms receive a stream of elements whose order might be arbitrary, with possible repetitions, and return the number of distinct elements. Such algorithms usually seek to minimize the required storage and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-26 Reuven Cohen , Liran Katzir , Aviv Yehezkel

Online monitoring user cardinalities (or degrees) in graph streams is fundamental for many applications. For example in a bipartite graph representing user-website visiting activities, user cardinalities (the number of distinct visited…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Pinghui Wang , Peng Jia , Xiangliang Zhang , Jing Tao , Xiaohong Guan , Don Towsley

Frequency estimation is one of the most fundamental problems in streaming algorithms. Given a stream $S$ of elements from some universe $U=\{1 \ldots n\}$, the goal is to compute, in a single pass, a short sketch of $S$ so that for any…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Piotr Indyk , Shyam Narayanan , David P. Woodruff

Streaming algorithms are fundamental in the analysis of large and online datasets. A key component of many such analytic tasks is $q$-MAX, which finds the largest $q$ values in a number stream. Modern approaches attain a constant runtime by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Ran Ben-Basat , Gil Einziger , Wenchen Han , Bilal Tayh

This paper considers the problem of cardinality estimation in data stream applications. We present a statistical analysis of probabilistic counting algorithms, focusing on two techniques that use pseudo-random variates to form…

Computation · Statistics 2012-11-20 Peter Clifford , Ioana A. Cosma

We present DegreeSketch, a semi-streaming distributed sketch data structure and demonstrate its utility for estimating local neighborhood sizes and local triangle count heavy hitters on massive graphs. DegreeSketch consists of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Benjamin W. Priest

Space-efficient streaming estimation of quantiles in massive datasets is a fundamental problem with numerous applications in data monitoring and analysis. While theoretical research led to optimal algorithms, such as the Greenwald-Khanna…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Aleksander Łukasiewicz , Jakub Tětek , Pavel Veselý

Sketches are probabilistic data structures that can provide approximate results within mathematically proven error bounds while using orders of magnitude less memory than traditional approaches. They are tailored for streaming data analysis…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Fatih Taşyaran , Kerem Yıldırır , Kamer Kaya , Mustafa Kemal Taş

Graph streams represent data interactions in real applications. The mining of graph streams plays an important role in network security, social network analysis, and traffic control, among others. However, the sheer volume and high dynamics…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Yiling Zeng , Chunyao Song , Yuhan Li , Tingjian Ge

Cardinality sketches are popular data structures that enhance the efficiency of working with large data sets. The sketches are randomized representations of sets that are only of logarithmic size but can support set merges and approximate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Sara Ahmadian , Edith Cohen

This work presents new cardinality estimation methods for data sets recorded by HyperLogLog sketches. A simple derivation of the original estimator was found, that also gives insight how to correct its deficiencies. The result is an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Otmar Ertl

We introduce Deep Sketches, which are compact models of databases that allow us to estimate the result sizes of SQL queries. Deep Sketches are powered by a new deep learning approach to cardinality estimation that can capture correlations…

Modern data stream applications demand memory-efficient solutions for accurately tracking frequent items, such as heavy hitters and heavy changers, under strict resource constraints. Traditional sketches face inherent accuracy-memory…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zicang Xu , Yuxuan Tian , Yuhan Wu , Tong Yang