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Related papers: Towards a Formal Characterization of User Simulati…

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Existing user simulators (USs) for task-oriented dialogue systems only model user behaviour on semantic and natural language levels without considering the user persona and emotions. Optimising dialogue systems with generic user policies,…

Augmented reading systems aim to adapt text presentation to improve comprehension and task performance, yet existing approaches rely heavily on heuristics, opaque data-driven models, or repeated human involvement in the design loop. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yunpeng Bai , Shengdong Zhao , Antti Oulasvirta

Neural end-to-end goal-oriented dialog systems showed promise to reduce the workload of human agents for customer service, as well as reduce wait time for users. However, their inability to handle new user behavior at deployment has limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Janarthanan Rajendran , Jatin Ganhotra , Lazaros Polymenakos

AI agents are being developed to support high stakes decision-making processes from driving cars to prescribing drugs, making it increasingly important for human users to understand their behavior. Policy summarization methods aim to convey…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Isaac Lage , Daphna Lifschitz , Finale Doshi-Velez , Ofra Amir

User simulators are increasingly leveraged to build interactive AI assistants, yet how to measure the quality of these simulators remains an open question. In this work, we show how simulator quality can be quantified in terms of its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Joseph Suh , Ayush Raj , Minwoo Kang , Serina Chang

Simulating high quality user behavior data has always been a fundamental problem in human-centered applications, where the major difficulty originates from the intricate mechanism of human decision process. Recently, substantial evidences…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Lei Wang , Jingsen Zhang , Hao Yang , Zhiyuan Chen , Jiakai Tang , Zeyu Zhang , Xu Chen , Yankai Lin , Ruihua Song , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jun Xu , Zhicheng Dou , Jun Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

A long-standing challenge in developing accurate recommendation models is simulating user behavior, mainly due to the complex and stochastic nature of user interactions. Towards this, one promising line of work has been the use of Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Himanshu Thakur , Eshani Agrawal , Smruthi Mukund

Simulations, although powerful in accurately replicating real-world systems, often remain inaccessible to non-technical users due to their complexity. Conversely, large language models (LLMs) provide intuitive, language-based interactions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jacob Kleiman , Kevin Frank , Joseph Voyles , Sindy Campagna

A common vision from science fiction is that robots will one day inhabit our physical spaces, sense the world as we do, assist our physical labours, and communicate with us through natural language. Here we study how to design artificial…

Goal-oriented dialog systems enable users to complete specific goals like requesting information about a movie or booking a ticket. Typically the dialog system pipeline contains multiple ML models, including natural language understanding,…

Goal-oriented conversational agents are becoming prevalent in our daily lives. For these systems to engage users and achieve their goals, they need to exhibit appropriate social behavior as well as provide informative replies that guide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Yi-Chia Wang , Alexandros Papangelis , Runze Wang , Zhaleh Feizollahi , Gokhan Tur , Robert Kraut

Embodied agents designed to assist users with tasks must engage in natural language interactions, interpret instructions, execute actions, and communicate effectively to resolve issues. However, collecting large-scale, diverse datasets of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Daniel Philipov , Vardhan Dongre , Gokhan Tur , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

Conversational Recommender Systems (CRSs)aim to engage users in dialogue to provide tailored recommendations. While traditional CRSs focus on eliciting preferences and retrieving items, real-world e-commerce interactions involve more…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Tongyoung Kim , Jeongeun Lee , Soojin Yoon , Sunghwan Kim , Dongha Lee

Recently, large language models have facilitated the emergence of highly intelligent conversational AI capable of engaging in human-like dialogues. However, a notable distinction lies in the fact that these AI models predominantly generate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jijie Zhou , Yuhan Hu

Conversational recommender systems (CRS) enhance user experience through multi-turn interactions, yet evaluating CRS remains challenging. User simulators can provide comprehensive evaluations through interactions with CRS, but building…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Luyu Chen , Quanyu Dai , Zeyu Zhang , Xueyang Feng , Mingyu Zhang , Pengcheng Tang , Xu Chen , Yue Zhu , Zhenhua Dong

User simulation is essential for generating enough data to train a statistical spoken dialogue system. Previous models for user simulation suffer from several drawbacks, such as the inability to take dialogue history into account, the need…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-04 Layla El Asri , Jing He , Kaheer Suleman

For software interacting directly with real-world end-users, it is common practice to script scenario tests validating the system's compliance with a number of its features. However, these do not accommodate the replication of the type of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Pasquale Salza , Marco Edoardo Palma , Harald C. Gall

User simulation is important for developing and evaluating human-centered AI, yet current student simulation in educational applications has significant limitations. Existing approaches focus on single learning experiences and do not…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zhengyuan Liu , Stella Xin Yin , Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Guimei Liu , Dion Hoe-Lian Goh , Wenya Wang , Nancy F. Chen

The main goal of modeling human conversation is to create agents which can interact with people in both open-ended and goal-oriented scenarios. End-to-end trained neural dialog systems are an important line of research for such generalized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Chaitanya K. Joshi , Fei Mi , Boi Faltings

In recent years, human behavior simulation has drawn increasing attention from both academia and industry. The reasons fall into two aspects. First, simulation serves as a critical tool for understanding human behaviors, which has become…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Zhang Guozhen , Yu Zihan , Li Nian , Yu Fudan , Long Qingyue , Jin Depeng , Li Yong