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In recent years, scholarly data has grown dramatically in terms of both scale and complexity. It becomes increasingly challenging to retrieve information from scholarly knowledge graphs that include large-scale heterogeneous relationships,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Ruijie Wang , Zhiruo Zhang , Luca Rossetto , Florian Ruosch , Abraham Bernstein

We introduce RJUA-QA, a novel medical dataset for question answering (QA) and reasoning with clinical evidence, contributing to bridge the gap between general large language models (LLMs) and medical-specific LLM applications. RJUA-QA is…

Accurate uncertainty quantification (UQ) in Large Language Models (LLMs) is critical for trustworthy deployment. While real-world language is inherently ambiguous, reflecting aleatoric uncertainty, existing UQ methods are typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Tim Tomov , Dominik Fuchsgruber , Tom Wollschläger , Stephan Günnemann

This paper introduces UnSeenTimeQA, a novel data contamination-free time-sensitive question-answering (TSQA) benchmark. It differs from existing TSQA benchmarks by avoiding web-searchable queries grounded in the real world. We present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Md Nayem Uddin , Amir Saeidi , Divij Handa , Agastya Seth , Tran Cao Son , Eduardo Blanco , Steven R. Corman , Chitta Baral

Visually-situated languages such as charts and plots are omnipresent in real-world documents. These graphical depictions are human-readable and are often analyzed in visually-rich documents to address a variety of questions that necessitate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Anran Wu , Luwei Xiao , Xingjiao Wu , Shuwen Yang , Junjie Xu , Zisong Zhuang , Nian Xie , Cheng Jin , Liang He

Visual Question Answering (VQA) attracts much attention from both industry and academia. As a multi-modality task, it is challenging since it requires not only visual and textual understanding, but also the ability to align cross-modality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Peixi Xiong , Quanzeng You , Pei Yu , Zicheng Liu , Ying Wu

Question answering over knowledge bases (KBQA) has become a popular approach to help users extract information from knowledge bases. Although several systems exist, choosing one suitable for a particular application scenario is difficult.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Khiem Vinh Tran , Hao Phu Phan , Khang Nguyen Duc Quach , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen , Jun Jo , Thanh Tam Nguyen

Visual question answering (VQA) has been gaining a lot of traction in the machine learning community in the recent years due to the challenges posed in understanding information coming from multiple modalities (i.e., images, language). In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Muralikrishnna G. Sethuraman , Ali Payani , Faramarz Fekri , J. Clayton Kerce

We present a comprehensive study of chart visual question-answering(QA) task, to address the challenges faced in comprehending and extracting data from chart visualizations within documents. Despite efforts to tackle this problem using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Saleem Ahmed , Bhavin Jawade , Shubham Pandey , Srirangaraj Setlur , Venu Govindaraju

When answering natural language questions over knowledge bases, missing facts, incomplete schema and limited scope naturally lead to many questions being unanswerable. While answerability has been explored in other QA settings, it has not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Mayur Patidar , Prayushi Faldu , Avinash Singh , Lovekesh Vig , Indrajit Bhattacharya , Mausam

In the fields of computer vision and natural language processing, multimodal chart question-answering, especially involving color, structure, and textless charts, poses significant challenges. Traditional methods, which typically involve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Jingxuan Wei , Nan Xu , Guiyong Chang , Yin Luo , BiHui Yu , Ruifeng Guo

Legal consultation question answering (Legal CQA) presents unique challenges compared to traditional legal QA tasks, including the scarcity of high-quality training data, complex task composition, and strong contextual dependencies. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mingfei Lu , Yi Zhang , Mengjia Wu , Yue Feng

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable performance on various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, especially for question answering. However, in the face of problems beyond the scope of knowledge, these LLMs tend to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Chaojie Wang , Yishi Xu , Zhong Peng , Chenxi Zhang , Bo Chen , Xinrun Wang , Lei Feng , Bo An

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive abilities across various tasks, including visual question answering and chart comprehension, yet existing benchmarks for chart-related tasks fall short in capturing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zifeng Zhu , Mengzhao Jia , Zhihan Zhang , Lang Li , Meng Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text generation and understanding, yet their reliance on implicit, unstructured knowledge often leads to factual inaccuracies and limited interpretability. Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Qinggang Zhang

Knowledge graphs contain informative factual knowledge but are considered incomplete. To answer complex queries under incomplete knowledge, learning-based Complex Query Answering (CQA) models are proposed to directly learn from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Hang Yin , Zihao Wang , Yangqiu Song

Many individuals are likely to face a legal dispute at some point in their lives, but their lack of understanding of how to navigate these complex issues often renders them vulnerable. The advancement of natural language processing opens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Antoine Louis , Gijs van Dijck , Gerasimos Spanakis

Current biomedical question answering (QA) systems often assume that medical knowledge applies uniformly, yet real-world clinical reasoning is inherently conditional: nearly every decision depends on patient-specific factors such as…

This paper presents ParaQA, a question answering (QA) dataset with multiple paraphrased responses for single-turn conversation over knowledge graphs (KG). The dataset was created using a semi-automated framework for generating diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Endri Kacupaj , Barshana Banerjee , Kuldeep Singh , Jens Lehmann

Deployed language models must decide not only what to answer but also when not to answer. We present UniCR, a unified framework that turns heterogeneous uncertainty evidence including sequence likelihoods, self-consistency dispersion,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Markus Oehri , Giulia Conti , Kaviraj Pather , Alexandre Rossi , Laia Serra , Adrian Parody , Rogvi Johannesen , Aviaja Petersen , Arben Krasniqi